巨噬细胞在中枢神经系统髓鞘再生中的作用

The role of macrophages in central nervous system remyelination

中枢神经系统脱髓鞘疾病，因其高发病率、高致残率等特点而备受关注。现有研究以适应性免疫反应导致神经系统损伤为主，而先天免疫系统在髓鞘再生中的作用直到最近才成为研究热点。以巨噬细胞为对象，从中枢神经系统中巨噬细胞的种类及来源、巨噬细胞的极化类型、小胶质细胞和单核细胞来源巨噬细胞的异同、衰老对巨噬细胞功能和髓鞘再生的影响等方面，综述了巨噬细胞在中枢神经系统尤其是髓鞘再生中的作用，以期为临床治疗提供一定理论依据。

Demyelination in the central nervous system （CNS） has attracted much attention because of the high morbidity and disability. Existing studies focused on the effects of adaptive immune response led to CNS damage, but until now the role of innate immune system in remyelination became a hot topic. Based on the recent studies, this article reviewed the types of macrophages in CNS, the polarization types of macrophages, the difference between microglia and monocyte-derived macrophages, and the effects of aging on macrophage functions during remyelination, which will show a theoretical basis for clinical treatment.