对同性恋和性取向异源性的跨学科观

An interdisciplinary approach to the heterogeneity of homosexuality and sexual orientation

在概括性取向研究领域的现状中,笔者着重指出多种著名测量方法的不足,需要跳出行为问卷和社会统计的方法学框架,对性取向成因进行跨学科研究才能得到新答案.对同性性行为模式的起源,笔者建议用内、外源两分法,将之分为内源性的或发育性同性性行为和外源性的或获得性同性性行为两大类,它们的成因不同,形成的时间和过程也不同.发育性同性性行为有其发育生物学、认知神经科学、母体免疫反应和生育医学等因素作为成因.内源性的或发育性同性性行为是由于始自胚胎期的基因、激素、脑发育和母体免疫机制之间,作用的协调一致性不足,所导致的生物学小概率事件.外源性的或获得性同性性行为是由社会、家庭、个人状况和情感经历等因素,通过人脑内的奖励/强化系统获得的同性性行为模式.在具体分析了该行为的成因和形成过程之后,进一步列举出可能对同性恋和性取向异源性提供新证据的学科和研究范式.

This study reviews the methodological and theoretical problems in research on homosexuality and sexual orientation, and suggests that the heterogeneity of non-heterosexual behaviors needs further evaluation. Heterogeneity might arise either through endogenous factors like inside one＇s genome and brain structure, or exogenously through sources in the social environment and one＇s experiences. I suggest dividing non-heterosexual behavior into two categories： the endogenous or developmental, and the exogenous or acquired same-sex sexual behavior. Developmental same-sex sexual behavior arises due to a lack of coordination among genes, hormones, brain differentiation, and mother＇s immunological response during childbirth. Adult sexual behavior is predetermined by biological factors and not by lifestyle choices. The exogenous sources that influence sexual behavior are the individual＇s socio-economic conditions, socio-cultural environment, familial relationship, and sexual experiences. Acquired same-sex sexual behavior is a learned behavior that acts through the reward/reinforcement system of the brain under the influence of the exogenous environment. The process is how it is similar to someone getting addicted to the internet. I have also reviewed related disciplines that could help obtain more evidence on the heterogeneity of homosexuality and sexual orientation.