十堰市5岁以下死亡儿童的家庭结构研究

Study on family structure of children's death under five years old in Shiyan

目的分析十堰市5岁以下死亡儿童的家庭结构与儿童死亡的关联，为制定儿童生存发展的保护措施提供依据。方法依据十堰市2011～2013年度的死亡信息上报数据，自拟问卷对5岁以下死亡儿童（调查组）及近邻的健康儿童家庭结构（对照组）进行调查，家庭结构分为普通、多胎、特殊家庭（指单亲、重组、留守及流动家庭）。结果调查年度十堰市5岁以下儿童死亡758例，新生儿死亡占总数的52．6％，其中1岁内儿童占比为28．1％，死亡年龄呈偏右态分布。调查组家庭结构中普通、多胎、特殊家庭占比分别为59．9％、20．8％、19．3％，按各年龄段比较家庭结构差异不大；对照组714例儿童家庭结构相应占比为68．1％、15．7％、16．2％，两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论新生儿保健仍然是儿童保健工作的重点，死亡儿童家庭中特殊家庭及多胎家庭死亡占比偏高，提醒儿童保健工作者及社会组织对单亲、重组、留守以及流动家庭儿童应该给予特别的关注，减少儿童死亡的发生。

Objective To analyze the correlation between family structure of children＇s death under five years old in Shiyan and death of children, provide a basis for making protective measures for children＇s survival and development. Methods On the basis of the reported data of children＇s death in Shiyan from 2011 to 2013, a self-designed questionnaire was used to survey family structures of children＂ s death （ survey group） and neighboring healthy children （ control group） ; the family structures were divided into common family, multiple birth family, and particular family （including single- parent family, reconstituted family, left- behind family, and floating family ） . Re.stilts A total of 758 children＇s deaths under five years old were surveyed in Shiyan, neonatal death accounted for 52.6% , children＇s death within one year accounted for 28. 1%, the age of death was right skew distribution. In survey group, the proportions of common family, multiple birth family, and particular family were 59. 9%, 20. 8% , and 19. 3% , the difference of family structure among different age groups was small; among 714 children in control group, the proportions of common family, multiple birth family, and particular family were 68. 1%, 15.7%, and 16. 2%, there were statistically significant differences between the two groups （P〈0. 05） . Conclusion Neonatal health care is still the key point of child health care work; the proportions of particular family and multiple birth family among families of children＇s death were relatively high, which suggests that child health care workers and social organization should pay particular attention to children from single-parent families, reconstituted families, left-behind families, and floating families to reduce the occurrence of children＇s death.