农民工的城市融入:现状与政策启示

Rural-urban Migrant's Integration into Cities: Status and Policy Implication

基于2013年进城农民工实地调查数据,应用描述性统计方法从经济、社会、文化、心理和身份五个维度对农民工的城市融入现状进行分析。研究发现,农民工的城市融入状况并不理想,多数人没有建立"城市人"身份认同;在户籍制度障碍下,农民工工资歧视、社会保障程度低、子女教育受限等现象依然十分突出;农民工对定居城市的积极性较高,但他们并不愿意以农村土地作为交换的筹码;群体异质性是农民工城市融入的重要特征,相对于老一代农民工或外来农民工,新生代农民工或本地农民工的融入程度更高。本文提出赋予农民工与市民平等的公民权、探索农民工跨地区服务管理体制、发挥城市社区和社会组织的协同作用等政策建议。

The paper has an empirical analysis on rural- urban migrants' integration status in aspects of economic,social,cultural,psychological and identity by using data from a questionnaire survey,which is conducted in 2013. The results show: most rural- urban migrants have low level of integration into urban society and hard to realize identity integration. Due to the obstacle of hukou system,phenomenon such as wage discrimination,low degree of social security,limited education for children is very prominent. Rural- urban migrants are willing to integrate into urban society,but they do not want to exchange the rural land as a bargaining chip. Heterogeneity among groups is an important feature of the integration of rural- urban migrants. The degree of integration of the second generation or those with local hukou is much higher than the first generation or those with non- local hukou,respectively. Based on these findings,we propose to give equal citizenship to rural- urban migrants,explore regional service management system of rural- urban migrants and fully play the role of synergy of urban communities and social organizations.