水产养殖信息化关键技术研究现状与趋势

Research Status and Development Trends of Information Technologies in Aquacultures

信息化技术已经成为现代渔业可持续发展的重要支撑技术之一。为了展现、引导与促进其在水产养殖环节的应用水平,按照信息的属性与尺度、养殖活动的流程与建模应用的层次,系统分析相关文献,对信息获取技术中知识挖掘、传感网络的辨识参数与其组织形式、遥感对区域水环境信息与养殖面积变化及其时空特征获取与监测的研究现状进行了整理;并对比分析了水质预测与预警模型、水产病害诊断中知识表示模式与推理方法、水产行为的量化与分析方法、饲料配方及投饲决策模型的建立、质量追溯中感知内容与平台的构建以及养殖中的控制策略与方法。综述结果表明,信息化技术正向水产养殖业深层次扩散,逐渐实现对水产养殖信息的全面感知与决策支持;信息获取技术由人工获取向依靠感知网络和遥感等数字化智能技术转变;信息处理向专家系统、管理系统、决策支持系统、追溯系统和精细化控制系统等依托人工智能、信息融合和建模处理的智能化信息系统发展;信息化应用使养殖活动更加强调和注重信息化思维和管理决策与其运作效率、效益的相互适应、促进与优化。

Informationization has become one of the essential emerging technologies,which supports the innovation and sustainable development of modern fishery. In order to promote the application level in aquaculture,the knowledge mining technology, parameter identification and organization forms of perception network, research status of acqusition and monitoring for information of regional water environment,and change of breeding area and its spatial and temporal characteristics were summarised according to the attributes and scale of the information,the flow of farming activities and the hierarchy of modeling and applications. And models of prediciton and early warning of water quality,methodologies of knowledge representation and inference in aquatic desease diagnosis,quantitative and analytic methods of aquatic products＇ behaviors,establishments of nutrition formula and feeding decision-making system,perception contents and constructions of platform in traceability,and control strategies and methods in aquaculture system were analyzed and compared by systematically summarising and clarifing the literature. The results indicated that the aquaculture industry has been penetrated profoundly by information technologies for comprehensive perception and decision support; the information acquisitonhas been transformed from artificial to digital intelligence,such as perception networks and remote sensing; information processing was developing towards the process of modeling： the expert systems,management systems,decision support systems,traceability systems and precision control systems,which were based on artificial intelligence,information fusion and intelligent information system; and the applications of information has also paid more attention to mutual adaptation,promotion and optimization between the thoughts of information and management and aquacultures ＇ operational efficiency and benefits.