《慕尼黑协定》中的权势关系——系统功能语言学视角

Power Relations of The Munich Pact from the Systemic Functional Perspective

《慕尼黑协定》是绥靖政策的一个产物,表面上体现的是英法两国维护地区和平、避免战争的意识形态。但本质上,作为各个国家势力不均衡下的产物,它体现的是不同国家的权势关系,揭示的是英法德意对捷克斯洛伐克的控制和压制。本研究从系统功能语言学的角度出发,运用三大元功能理论,解读《慕尼黑协定》是如何在词汇-语法层面体现这种控制和压制的不平等权势关系的。具体来说,运用概念功能分析及物性和语态;运用人际功能分析情态动词的言语功能和语气隐喻;运用语篇功能分析主位。语言和权势息息相关,语言是反映社会权势关系的首要载体,语言即力量(体现权势)。因此,通过对法律语篇《慕尼黑协定》词汇-语法的语言特征分析可以很好地展现该协定所体现的参与者之间的权势关系。通过分析可以得出,对语篇的系统功能语言学分析可以有效地揭示语言中隐藏的社会关系和意识形态。

The Munich Pact is a product of the Appeasement Policy,which seemingly functions to maintain regional peace of England and France but in nature is a product of imbalanced social statuses and nation strengths.It reveals such kind of power relation that the more powerful countries(England,France,Germany and Italy)control or even suppress the less powerful country(Czechoslovakia).From the Systemic Functional Perspective,the theory of three Meta-functions is utilized,attempting to analyze how The Munich Pact reflects such unbalanced power relation on the level of lexico-grammar.To be specific,ideationally,the process types and voice of the discourse are analyzed.Interpersonally,speech function of modality and mood metaphor are analyzed.Textually,theme type is analyzed.Language and power are closely related.Language is perhaps the primary medium of social power.Language is power,which functions as a tool for some people to dominate others.By analyzing the language of a certain discourse,especially a forensic discourse,the power relations of the participants can be effectually revealed through the language characteristics.Thus by analyzing language of The Munich Pact,power relations of the four countries(England,France,Germany and Italy)and Czechoslovakia can be profoundly revealed.It is believed that analysis based on Systemic Functional Linguistics offers an effective way to analyze the hidden social relations and ideology of The Munich Pact.