从徽宗初年“覆奏”“同奏”之争看北宋的宰辅奏事

A Study of the Disputes over fu zhou and tong zhouin Early Song Huizong Time

宋徽宗即位之初,向太后垂帘听政。知枢密院事曾布与左仆射章惇,就两府覆奏公事的方式产生了分歧。曾布为了能与向太后密谈,力主分班覆奏,章惇则力主合班覆奏,以求削弱曾布的优势。两人为了达到自己的目的,在政争中利用了分班奏事、合班奏事、留身奏事、进熟状等多种进奏渠道。最终,在复杂因素的影响下,曾布压倒章惇,获得了胜利。透过这次政争,我们可以对北宋君主与宰辅之间沟通渠道的运行实态,形成立体细致的了解。此外,此事亦提示我们,个人层面的君主、宰辅关系,与体制层面的皇权、相权关系,既有关联,亦有参差。君相之间既有矛盾,更有互补。相比备受关注的君相之争,两者如何在政治运作中形成"组合",更值得重视。

When Song Huizong ascended the throne, empress Xiang attended to state affairs behind the bamboo curtain. Zeng Bu and Zhang Dun disagreed on how to present a report. In order to talk secretly with empress Xiang, Zeng Bu preferred to present a report in different panels. While Zhang Dun preferred in the same panel. To achieve their personal purposes,they adopted multiple kinds of reporting. Finally, due to the complex factors, Zeng Bu won. Through the political struggles, we can understand the communication channel of the Northern Song dynasty emperor and the prime ministers, as well as the operation state of the Northern Song dynasty imperial power system. In addition, it reminds us that the relationship between the emperor and the prime ministers in individual level, and the relationship between imperial power and minister power in system level are relevant and different. There are both conflicts and complementary between the emperor and the prime ministers. Compared with their conflict, how did they combine together in the political operation is more worthy to study.