试论日本“战后体制”的构造(1945～1952)

The Structure of Japan ＇ s ＂Postwar System＂ （1945 ～ 1952）

日本"战后体制"包括内外两层,内层是以战后日本宪法为依据构建起来的和平体制与民主体制;外层是以《旧金山对日和约》为核心构筑的亚太地区国际体制。一方面,为防止日本军国主义复活,美国对日本进行了民主化改造,将日本"战后体制"纳入战后美国的"主权"体制之中;另一方面,为阻遏共产主义发展,美国鼓励日本重整军备,使日本"战后体制"成为其冷战体制的重要构件。日本出于维护"国体"、恢复国内经济、遏制共产主义蔓延、回归国际社会、逃避战争责任等考虑,或主动或被动地配合了"战后体制"的构建。日本"战后体制"保障了战后初期日本的和平发展道路,但其冷战功能则造成了亚洲的分裂,并阻碍着日本形成正确的历史观,成为当今亚洲新秩序的结构性障碍。

Japan＇s ＂postwar system＂ includes both inside and outside two layer structure. The inner is the peaceful and democratic system basing on Japanese constitution; the outer is the international system in the Asia-pacific region that was built on the San Francisco Peace Treaty. To prevent resurrection of Japanese militarism, the United States made democratization in Japan,by this way,Japan＇s ＂postwar system＂ became part of the American emperium system. To deter the development of communism, the United States encouraged Japan to rearm the international community, Japan＇s ＂postwar system＂ became the important component of the cold war system. Japan＇s intention was to maintenance nationality, revive domestic economic, contain the spread of communism, return to the international community, and escape the war responsibility. Japan＇s ＂postwar system＂ ensured Japan＇s peaceful development, but its function of the cold war caused the Asia division, and prevented the Japanese right history from forming, and Japan＇s ＂postwar system＂ has become the structural obstacle to the Asian new order.