广东韶关新生儿重金属水平及与低出生体重关系

Umbilical cord blood concentration of heavy metals and its relationship with lowbirth weight among the newborns in Shaoguan city,Guangdong province

目的调查广东某地新生儿体内重金属水平并探讨其与低出生体重关系。方法采用方便抽样方法选择在广东省韶关2所医院分娩的1 036名孕妇进行问卷调查,同时采集新生儿脐带血,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)测量脐带血中的砷、镉等金属含量。结果在测量的金属中,金属砷的超标率最高,为72.49%,锑为48.07%,硒为34.07%,锰为27.12%,钡为14.48%;93.24%脐带血中钙偏低,46.81%铁偏低,94.11%铜偏低,64.19%锌偏低。除金属锰外,其他金属均与低出生体重相关;低出生体重组脐带血中砷、镉、锑、钡等几种重金属含量高于非低出生体重组,镁、钙、铁等必需金属含量低于非低出生体重组。结论调查地区部分重金属污染较严重,部分必需金属缺乏较严重,低出生体重与大部分金属相关。

Objective To detect concentrations of heavy metals in umbilical cord blood of newborns and to explore its relationship with lowbirth weight among newborns in Shaoguan city of Guangdong province. Methods We used convenient sampling to select 1 036 pregnant women who giving birth to their children in two hospitals of Shaoguan city.The participants were asked to take a questionnaire survey and umbilical cord blood samples of the newborns were collected by well-trained doctors. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry（ ICP-MS） was used to measure the concentrations of heavy metals in the umbilical cord blood samples. Results The excessive rate of arsenic（ As） was 72. 49%,which was the highest among the heavy metals detected,and the excessive rate of stibium（ Sb）,selenium（ Se）,manganese（ Mn）,and barium（ Ba） were 48. 07%,34. 07%,27. 12%,and 14. 48%,respectively. While,there were 93. 24%,46. 81%,94. 11%,and 64. 19% of the umbilical cord blood samples had lower concentrations of calcium（ Ca）,ferrum（ Fe）,cuprum（ Cu）,and zinc（ Zn） than the reference range,respectively. All the heavy metals were associated with lowbirth weight except for Mn. The newborns with lowbirth weight had higher concentrations of As,Cd,Sb,and Ba,but lower concentrations of some essential metals such as magnesium（ Mg）,Ca,and Fe compared to those of the newborns with normal birth weight. Conclusion The results indicated that pollution of some heavy metals was serious but a number of newborns had lower concentrations of some essential metals than the reference range in the area surveyed,and the incidence of lowbirth weight among the newborns was associated with the concentrations of these metals in umbilical cord blood.