“撕幕”效应下的司法运作——罗尔斯“无知之幕”的中国情境及其省思

Judicial Operation under the Torn Curtain Effect——The Chinese Context and Reflections of Rawls' Veil of Ignorance

韦伯曾提出法律演化依循从"形式不理性"经由"实质不理性"到"实质理性"最终达到"形式理性"的四个法律理想型,以说明法律的内在特征及其形式的历史变迁过程。而罗尔斯"无知之幕"的理念既然为程序正义提供了缜密论证,它也在某种程度上奠定了法律形式理性的基础,并为分析中外司法理论与实践提供了政治学的视角。由于在立法中秉持形式法治的理想设计及司法的僵硬运作,"无知之幕"遭遇中国困境,民意之手常常撕裂无知之幕,致使司法进退失据,与传统习惯及大众心理产生了深深抵牾。需要将传统文化、政治伦理、社会人文等因素逐步导入从立法、执法到司法、普法的诸环节,使法治的理念有所依附,从而超越法治的"形式"与"实质"之争,进而形成法治的中国样式。

Max Weber had proposed the ideal path of legal evolution which arranged from formal irrationality,essence irrationality to substantive rationality and formal rationality in order to illustrate the inherent characteristics and historical changes in the form of legal process. Since Rawls＇ veil of ignorance provided a rigorous proof of procedural justice,to some extent it laid the legal form of rational basis and gave a perspective of political science for theory and practice of Chinese and foreign justice. Due to the adhere to ideal design of legal form and rigid operating of judicial in legislation,veil of ignorance experienced China dilemma and often torn by the hands of opinion which resulting in justice dilemma and deep discord with the traditional habits and mass psychology. It is need to incorporate traditional culture,political ethics,social culture and other factors into the pedigree assembled by legislation,law enforcement,judicial and legal popularity. So the rule of law has been attached to the idea and go beyond the dispute of form and substancenk,thus forming Chinese- style rule of law.