1995-2010年中国西部草地资源动态变化监测研究

Dynamic Monitoring of Grassland Changes in Western China from 1995 to 2010

监测草地资源的变化、把握草地资源变化的动向,有利于及时有效地保护我国的草地资源和草地生态环境,然而长时间跨度的规律监测不易实现。该文以5a为间隔,借助GIS技术和遥感数据,监测了1995-2010年我国西部新疆、西藏和青海3个代表性区域的草地资源变化情况。结果表明:1)草地退化是草地资源流失的主要原因。草地资源转出的主要方向为裸岩石砾地、戈壁和沙地等。要控制草地资源的流失,首先要阻止草地资源的退化。2)低覆盖度草地资源的保护更应引起重视。相比得到较好保护的高覆盖度草地,低覆盖度草地流失情况往往较严重。3)新疆面临着严重的草地资源流失问题,流失的草地资源面积高达8×106 hm2,且最后一个5年流失的面积占总流失面积的72%,亟须引起注意。西藏和青海的草地资源在研究时段后期趋于稳定。

Monitoring changes of grassland resources and grasping their changing trend can be very helpful to the effective pro- tection of grassland resources and grassland environment. However, regular monitoring over long time span is not easy to real- ize. In this paper,with the aid of the GIS technology and remote sensing data, the changes of grassland resources in three repre- sentative regions of Western China,Xinjiang,Tibet and Qinghai,were monitored with the 5 year intervals from 1995 to 2010. Results indicate that： 1） Grassland degradation is the main cause of loss of grassland resources. The main directions for the transfer out of grassland resources are bare rock gravel, Gohi and sand, etc. To control the loss of grassland resources, we must first stop the degradation of grassland resources. 2） The protection of grassland resources with low coverage should be paid more attention. Compared with the high coverage grassland, the losses of the grassland with low coverage are generally more se- rious. 3） The change of grassland resources in Xinjiang should be paid serious attention. Xinjiang is facing a serious loss of grassland resources. The lost area of grassland resources in Xinjiang came up to 8 × 106 hm2 , and the loss of the last 5 years took up 72% of the total area. While the grassland resources of Qinghai and Tibet became stable during the research period.