西安城区11~12岁超重肥胖儿童饮食及运动行为分析

Dietary of overweight and obese pupils aged 11-12 in Xi'an City and their exercise behaviors

目的了解西安城区11~12岁超重肥胖小学生饮食及运动行为现状,探讨儿童肥胖的高危因素,为制定儿童超重肥胖的预防措施提供科学依据。方法采用分层随机整群抽样方法 ,对西安城区4所小学11~12岁共1 535名学生进行体格检查;对筛选出的超重肥胖儿童及同龄正常体重儿童1:1配对,回顾性分析两组2009至2012年身体质量指数(BMI)的变化趋势,并对其饮食运动状况进行问卷调查。结果①11~12岁儿童超重肥胖率为19.22%;超重和肥胖检出率分别为14.66%、4.56%;男生超重肥胖检出率高于女生(x^2=31.25,P<0.01)。2009至2012年,11~12岁儿童BMI值呈逐年上升趋势(男:F=34.67,P<0.001;女:F=13.24,P<0.001);②与正常组比较,超重肥胖儿童食欲好、喜吃甜食(x^2值分别为7.25、4.60,均P<0.05),进食速度快的人数多、睡前加餐人数多(x^2值分别为9.41、12.5,均P=0.01),每天喝奶量>500mL的人数多、每天坚持吃早餐人数少(x^2值分别为15.98、18.81,均P<0.01);③超重肥胖组儿童和正常儿童选择的活动方式存在统计学差异(x^2=5.89,P<0.05),超重肥胖组儿童看电视打游戏的时间长(x^2=7.09,P=0.01),而户外运动时间短(x^2=22.57,P<0.01)。BMI由正常发展为肥胖儿童,和由超重发展为肥胖儿童者在睡前加餐习惯、每天喝奶量、对甜食喜好的态度及活动方式等方面均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论西安城区11~12岁超重肥胖小学生超重肥胖率处于东部经济发达城市与江南经济发达城乡之间。有睡前加餐、每天喝奶量大及喜吃甜食的正常儿童,较超重儿更易发展为肥胖儿童。

Objective To learn the dietary and exercise behaviors of overweight and obese pupils aged 11-12 in Xi’ an City and explore high-risk factors of obesity, so as to provide some scientific evidence for preventing pupils’ overweight and obesity. Methods A total of 1 535 pupils aged 11-12 from 4 primary schools in Xi’ an City accepted physical examination with a stratified cluster random sampling method. The change of body mass index （BMI） from 2009 to 2012 was analyzed among overweight and obese children aged 11-12, who matched 1：1 with normal children, and questionnaire survey was conducted for dietary and exercise situation. Results The obesity rate of children aged 11-12 was 19. 22%. The incidence of overweight and obesity was 14. 66% and 4. 56%, respectively. The incidence of overweight and obesity in boys was much higher than that in girls （χ2 =31. 25,P〈0. 01）. BMI value of children age 11-12 showed an increasing trend from 2009 to 2012 （Fboys =34. 67, P〈0. 001;Fgirls =13. 24, P〈0. 001）. Compared with normal group, overweight and obese children had better appetite and were more likely eating sweets （χ2 value was 7. 25 and 4. 60, respectively, both P〈0. 05）, and there were more children with fast eating or eating before bedtime （χ2 value was 9. 41 and 12. 5, respectively, both P=0. 01）. There were more children with milk volume 〉500mL per day but fewer children eating breakfast every day （χ2 value was 15. 98 and 18. 81, respectively, both P〈0. 01）. There was significant difference in activity patterns between overweight and obese group and normal group （χ2 =5. 89,P〈0. 05）. Overweight and obese group spend more time watching TV or playing games （χ2 =7. 09,P=0. 01） but had shorter time for outdoor sports （χ2 =22. 57,P〈0. 01） than normal group. There were not statistically differences in bedtime snacks, drinking more milk per day, attitude for sweet and activity patterns between obese children developing from normal BMI and obese children from overweight one. Conclusion In Xi’ an City the incidence of overweight and obesity among pupils aged 11-12 ranges between economically developed cities in eastern areas and southern rural and urban areas. Normal children who like to eating sweet, drinking more milk per day and eating before bedtime are more likely to develop obese children than overweight children.