孕妇口腔保健知识与行为状况研究

Oral health care knowledge and behaviors of pregnant women

目的：了解孕妇口腔卫生状况及其对口腔保健知识的了解程度和口腔卫生行为养成习惯。方法2013年8至10月,对北京市海淀区两家助产机构接受孕期保健和产前检查的1174名孕妇进行了口腔保健知识和卫生行为的问卷调查。结果调查结果显示,仅80名孕妇（6.8%）回答正确所有4个口腔卫生知识问题,大专以上文化程度的孕妇完全掌握孕期口腔卫生知识能力比中专以下文化程度的孕妇高4.5倍（OR=4.5,95%CI：1.9～10.9）,而且随着知识点增多,掌握的程度越高（chi-square=219.4,P〈0.05）。被调查孕妇有良好的口腔卫生习惯,71.0%（829/1167）的孕妇每天刷牙2次以上,但是,80%以上的孕妇偶尔或从不用口腔辅助清洁用品。结论孕妇对口腔保健知识普遍缺乏了解,文化程度低的孕妇口腔卫生保健相关知识的认知程度不够或欠缺情况较为明显。建议加强孕期口腔保健工作,口腔卫生行为指导也应加入口腔健康教育培训中,使孕妇掌握正确的刷牙方法和口腔辅助清洁用品使用方法。

Objective To investigate the oral health status of pregnant women and their oral health care knowledge and behaviors. Methods During the period of August to October in 2013, self-designed questionnaires were applied to collect information about oral health care knowledge and behaviors of 1 174 pregnant women who accepting pregnancy health care and prenatal examination in two midwifery institutions in Haidian District. Results Only 80 （ 6. 8%） pregnant women could answer correctly all of 4 questions on oral health knowledge. The capability of wholly grasping oral health knowledge of the pregnant women with college or higher education level was 4. 5 times of that of those with lower educational level （OR=4. 5,95%CI：1. 9-10. 9）, and with the increasing of knowledge aspects, women with higher education level had stronger capability of grasping （chi-square=219. 4, P〈0. 05）. Investigated pregnant women had good oral health habits, and 71. 0% （829/1 167） pregnant women brushed teeth for more than two times per day. However, more than 80%pregnant women seldom or never use oral assisted cleaning supplies. Conclusion Generally speaking, pregnant women lack oral health knowledge. It is obvious that pregnant women with lower educational level have insufficient oral health knowledge. Oral health care for pregnancy should be strengthened, and the guidance on oral health behavior should be added in health education to help pregnant women master correct brushing methods and usage of oral assisted cleaning supplies.