母乳成分及测定方法

Composition of breast milk and its determination methods

母乳是喂养婴儿的最佳食品,含有婴儿所需的几乎全部营养成分(宏量营养成分:蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物;微量营养成分:矿物质和维生素)、水分和生物活性物质(生长因子和免疫因子等),同时还具有抗感染、消炎及抗氧化等保护作用。依据婴儿月龄,母乳分为初乳、过渡乳、成熟乳和晚乳,母乳成分随泌乳时间延长、孕母自身状况、母亲膳食结构及体外贮存、灭菌等因素影响而不断变化。母乳成分测定方法不断改进,目前国内最新母乳成分测定仪为HMA-2000超声母乳分析仪。

Breast milk is the best food for infants containing almost all of the nutritional compositions （ macro nutrients： protein, fat, carbohydrate;trace nutrients：vitamins and minerals） , water and nonnutritive bioactive factors （ growth factors and immune factors etc. ） Breast milk not only provides nutrition for infants, but also has anti-infectious, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. On the basis of infant age, breast milk is called as colostrum, transitional milk, mature milk and evening milk. Composition of breast milk varies with the prolonging of lactation, maternal situation, maternal dietary structure, and milk storage and pasteurization. Determination method of breast milk composition is continuously improved, and HMA-2000 Ultrasonic Human Milk Analyzer （ HMA） is the most advanced instrument.