金砖国家技术创新影响因素差异及对中国的启示

Research on BRICS' Technology Innovation Factor Differences and Implications to China

金砖国家整体创新能力不足,若想通过创新建立新的动态比较优势,必须寻求系统的制度体系安排,科学、定量地挖掘金砖国家技术创新影响因素差异,对未来金砖国家寻求合作、实现共赢具有重要意义。笔者首先基于金砖国家2000—2012年的相关数据,综合国内外相关文献,克服了金砖国家技术创新影响因素数据相对匮乏的问题,探索性地运用灰色关联分析方法,比较了金砖国家技术创新影响因素:贸易开放度是巴西技术创新的关键影响因素;基础设施建设对中国技术创新的影响最为重要;政府效率是印度技术创新的关键影响因素;R&D投入是俄罗斯技术创新的关键影响因素;公共教育支出则对南非技术创新的影响最为关键。基于此,笔者提出我国与未来金砖国家合作的建议:我国应推动金砖各国与巴西在对外贸易领域的合作,宣传提高金砖国家的政府效率,构建更为务实的中俄技术创新战略合作平台以及扩大与南非在公共教育领域的合作范围等。

Due to the shortage of innovative capacity, BRICS must seek systematic institutional rangements to establish a new dynamic comparative advantage by innovation. Through exploring the system ardifferences of determinants of BRICS＇ technology innovation, it＇s of great importance to seek for win-win cooperation among the BRICS in the future. Based on the data of the BRICS from 2000 to 2012, integrating domestic and international literature and overcoming the difficulty of data unavailability, this paper studies the differences among BRICS＇ technology innovation determinants by using gray relational analysis method. The result shows that there are obvious differences in different countries＇ determinants： trade openness is the key factor of Brazil, infrastructure construction is important to China, India＇s important factor is government efficiency, R＆D input is the key factor of Russia, South Africa＇s key factor is public education expenditure. Finally, suggestions are put forward for China to promote the cooperation between Brazil and other BRICS on foreign trade, improve BRICS＇ government efficiency, build more down-to-earth strategic technology cooperation platform, and expand the cooperation area with South Africa＇s public education.