不同性别、年龄及体力活动对老年人体质的影响

Impact of Gender,Age Groups and Physical Activity on the Functional Fitness of the Elderly

以60∽69岁的7 542名老年人为研究对象,并采用问卷调查法和测试法等相结合的方法获得老年人体力活动情况和体质状况。对不同性别和不同年龄段老年人体质状况进行差异比较,并探讨不同体力活动对老年人体质状况的影响。结果表明：1）男、女老年人随年龄增加体质状况的变化存在共性,表现为收缩压和选择反应时的增加（P〈0.01）,以及肺活量、握力、坐位体前屈、闭眼单脚站立的降低（P〈0.01）。其中,随着年龄的增加女性老年人收缩压升高更快,选择反应时的反应时间延长更明显,而男性老年人握力下降速度更快。2）对老年人体质健康总分有显著影响并呈正相关的体力活动有散步、体育锻炼、骑自行车,呈负相关的体力活动有重体力工作。得出结论：老年人随年龄的增加,心肺功能会逐渐减弱,肌力、柔韧性、平衡能力及反应能力等也会明显降低。同时,随着年龄增加,女性老年人患高血压的风险较男性老年人更高、反应能力更弱,而男性老年人肌力下降速度较女性老年人更快;不同强度体育锻炼及骑自行车等体力活动对维持和提高老年人的体质健康水平具有积极的作用,但过重的体力工作会影响其身体健康。

Taking 7542 elderly people aged 69∽60as the research object,and adopting the research methods of questionnaire survey and test,the physical activity and physical condition of the elderly people are obtained.The physical health status of different genders and different age groups are compared,and the effect of physical activity on the physical fitness of the elderly people is discussed.The results show that：1）both the male and female elderly exist common in the changing of physical condition with the increase of age,in the form of increased systolic blood pressure and choice reaction（P0.01）and decreased vital capacity,gripping power,sit body flexion,eyes closed single foot standing（P0.01）.Along with age increase in elderly female,the systolic blood pressure increases faster,and the reaction time is prolonged significantly,while the elderly male＇s grip strength decreases faster;2）The physical health of the elderly score has significant effects and is positively correlated to the physical activities such as walking,physical exercise,riding,while it is negatively correlated to heavy physical work.It is thus concluded that with the increase of age,the heart and lung functions gradually weaken,and the muscle strength,flexibility,balance ability and reaction ability of the elderly people decrease obviously.Meanwhile,along with the age increase,elderly women suffering from the risk of hypertension are higher than those of the male elderly people,and their reaction ability is weaker,while the elderly male＇s strength decreases faster than women;the physical exercise of different intensities and riding have positive effect on maintaining and improving the health of the elderly,but heavy physical work affects the physical health.