近代英国工业城市的空间结构与城市规划(1848-1939)

The Spatial Structures and Town Planning of Industrial Cities in Modern Britain( 1848—1939)

以曼彻斯特、伯明翰和利兹为代表的新型工业城市在空间结构方面体现出鲜明特征:随着新型工业建筑的出现,土地功能实现区分;各类建筑交叉林立,城市布局混乱;新的社会阶层居所分离形成。这种空间结构特征,使得工业城市中的"城市病"问题尤为突出。在英国19世纪中叶兴起的近代城市规划运动中,工业城市积极开展规划实践,空间结构得到合理重组,"城市病"得以缓解,城市面貌显著改观。

As the new type of cities, industrial cities, represented by Manchester, Birmingham and Leeds, embodied unique spatial structures ： the land＇ s functional classification was formed with the appearance of new industrial buildings, the architec-rural layout took on a chaotic look because of the mixture of various kinds of buildings and the new residential segregation of different classes emerged as well. These structural features resulted in especially serious ＂urban diseases＂ in industrial cities. During the modern town planning movement since the mid - 19th century, industrial cities actively carried out planning prac- tices. As the achievement of town planning, the spatial structures of industrial cities have been reasonably re - organized, ＂ur- ban diseases＂ have been relieved and cities＇ appearance has been remarkably improved as well.