披针叶黄华茎叶性状对不同草地管理措施的响应及其生长关系研究

Response of Stem and Leaf Traits of Thermopsis lanceolata to Different Grassland Management Strategies and the Allometric Growth

以青藏高原东缘草地典型毒杂草披针叶黄华(Thermopsis lanceolata)为研究对象,通过设置放牧、围封和综合措施(围封+施肥+划破+补播)3种不同的处理,比较披针叶黄华茎叶性状对不同草地管理措施的响应,茎与叶片间的生长关系及其生态适应性。结果表明:综合措施显著降低了披针叶黄华的叶片性状指标;与综合措施相比,放牧显著增加了每株植物茎干重(P<0.05);不同管理措施处理下披针叶黄华叶长、叶宽与叶面积之间,比叶重与茎干重之间均呈简单的异速生长关系,总叶干重与茎干重之间呈等速生长关系,不同的草地管理措施能够通过影响生长曲线的斜率从而影响二者之间的生长关系。围封对退化草地上披针叶黄华茎和叶片的生长抑制效果并不理想,因此需要同时结合施肥、划破、补播等综合管理措施才能使其得到有效的防控。

The study on Thermopsis lanceolata was carried out to identify the response of stem and leaf traits to different grassland management measures （grazing, fencing and comprehensive cultivations）. From growth relationship perspective of stem and leaf, the allometric growth relationship of stem, leaf and individual sizc and the ecological adaptation of Thermopsis lanceolata were investigated here. The results indicated that the leaf traits significantly decreased in comprehensive cultivation treatment than fencing and grazing treatment （P〈0.05）. Compared with the comprehensive cultivation treatment, grazing treatment significantly increased the stem weight （P〈0.05）. There were allometric relationships between the leaf area, leaf length and leaf breadth, between the specific leaf weight and stem dry matter. While, approxi- mate isometric growth was found between total leaf dry matters and stem dry matter. Different grassland management measures had different affection on the stem and leaf traits of Thermopsis lanceolata. It was found that fencing treatment could not control the noxious weed effectively, so the comprehensive cultivations would be a better solution to control the noxious weed.