远古至五帝时代中国史前社会的巫觋性别研究

Study on the Gender of the Witches from Ancient Times to the Five Emperors in the Chinese Prehistoric Society

出土文物和文献资料表明中国原始社会时期的巫觋有别于西方那种压迫、控制神灵以达己愿的巫师。前者通过献祭、谄媚的手段来取悦、诱使神灵满足愿望。中国五帝时代前的早期巫觋中男性比例占据一定优势,但女巫在农业、生殖等关键领域中发挥的巨大作用保障了她们在精神世界的影响力。五帝时期,巫觋集团随着众神地位的分化形成严格的等级制度。女巫鲜有置喙政治活动并获得最高权威的机会。男巫则占据了群巫之长的位置,并成为政治领袖。

Archaeological finds and literature data show that the witches of the primitive society in China are different from the peer in the West who oppress and control the Gods in order to achieve their own aspirations. They sacrifice and flatter to please and entice the gods to meet their desire. The proportion of males occupy a certain advantage in the early witches before the Five Emperors era, but the female shamans play a huge role in key areas such as agriculture, reproductive to protect them in the spirit world influence. The witch group forms a strict hierarchy differentiation status with the changes of Gods position, in the Five Emperors. The female witches rarely have the opportunity to obtain a leading position in the field of religion. The male witches occupy the position of the leader of the witch and become a political leader.