茄子嫁接砧木对青枯病的抗性评价

Resistance Evaluation of Eggplant Root Stocks against Ralstonia solanacearum

利用伤根灌菌接种法对收集的15个茄子砧木材料（品种）、接穗及其嫁接组合进行了青枯病抗性评价,结果表明：青莲530、青莲605、青莲606和丁茄表现高抗,5个砧木材料中抗,2个感病,4个高感.在15个嫁接组合中,以青莲530、青莲605和青莲606对青枯病菌抗性最好,表现为高抗,其他2个抗病,5个中抗,而丁茄等4个嫁接组合表现感病,1个高感.3个野茄材料（青莲530、青莲605、青莲606）及其嫁接苗在接种5 ～10 d后开始发病,发病初期少量植株出现叶片萎蔫,病情稳定后,病情指数均保持在一个比较低的水平,对青枯病均表现为高抗.而供试的高感、感病砧木及其嫁接苗在接种茄子青枯菌5d后开始发病,60 d后病情开始稳定,病指指数超过54.44,多数植株枯死.青莲530、青莲605、青莲606 3个砧木材料的实生苗及其嫁接组合均对青枯病表现出高抗,具有良好的推广应用潜力.

Eggplant bacterial wilt （Ralstonia solanacearum） is a major disease in eggplant （Solanum melon- gena）, and selection of root stocks resistant to R. solanacearum is a better way to control this disease. Fifteen eggplant root stocks collected were grafted with the scions of eggplant variety Changfeng 2 to evaluate their resist- ance to R. solanacearum. The eggplant root stocks and their graftings were wounded in the root and inoculated with bacterial solution of R. solanacearum by drenching. Of all the eggplant root stocks, 4 （ Qing Lian 606, Qing Lian 605, Qing Lian 530 and Ding Qie） were found highly resistant, 5 moderately resistant, 2 susceptible, 4 highly susceptible to R. solanacearum. In the eggplant plants grafted onto 15 root stocks, 3 （Qinglian 530, Qing Lian 605 and Qing Lian 606） were highly resistant, 2 resistant, 5 moderately resistant, 4 （ such as Ding Qie） susceptible and 1 highly susceptible. Root stocks Qinglian 530, Qing Lian 605 and Qing Lian 606 which are local wild eggplants, and their graftings started to show disease symptoms 5 or 10 days after inoculation. Some of these plants displayed withered leaves at the early stage of disease infection. Their disease indexes were low after the disease turned stable. All of these root stocks and their graftings were highly tolerant. However, the other root stocks, highly susceptible or susceptible, and their graftings started to be infected with R. so- lanacearum 5 days after inoculation, and the bacterial wilt disease turned to be stable 60 days after inoculation. Their disease indexes were above 54.44, and most of the plants died 70 days after inoculation. The root stocks Qinglian 530, Qinglian 605, Qinglian 606 and their graftings were highly resistant to R. solanacearum, and hence are promising materials for root stocks.