浅论北魏畜牧业的发展及影响

On Development and Influence of Livestock in Northern Wei Dynasty

从游牧迁徙到北魏建国,再到北魏灭亡,畜牧业一直是鲜卑拓跋族的传统经济门类,其在一百多年中,经历了早期游牧阶段、中期固定牧场阶段和晚期衰落阶段。畜牧业经济的发展为北魏军事战争提供了战马等军用物资,在为其统一北方奠定了基础的同时,也影响了鲜卑族的饮食、服饰和居住习惯,形成了别具一格的畜牧文化。

From nomadic migration to the founding and then to the perdition of the Northern Wei Dynasty,livestock had been the traditional economic category for the Xianbei Tuoba people, which was through the earlyphase of moving around, the middle stage of fixed pasture and the late declining stage in more than one hun-dred years. The development of livestock economy provided horses and other military supplies for the militarywar in Northern Wei Dynasty, and contributed to the foundation for the reunification of the North. Meanwhile italso affected the food, clothing and living habits of the Xianbei ethnic, and formed a unique culture of livestock.