“东方之星”沉船救援中官兵心理应激及心理干预分析

Analysis on psychological stress of rescue officers and soldiers and its intervention during the “Oriental Star” wreck rescue mission

目的探讨灾害救援中官兵的心理应激反应现象及心理干预方法。方法回顾性分析"东方之星"号客轮翻沉事件,总结在沉船救援中驻湖北某部官兵的心理应激反应,心理服务人员所开展的心理干预工作及效果。结果救援官兵心理应激主要表现为救援准备阶段的紧张焦虑,救援过程中的急性应激反应、过度紧张和耗竭状态,救援结束后的心理疲劳和心理应激迟滞反应。通过救援前心理教育,救援中积极干预,救援官兵无一人因心理应激退出救援一线;通过救援后的跟踪干预,任务完成后无一人发生严重心理问题。结论灾害救援中官兵心理反应有其独特性,心理服务人员应根据其心理应激反应开展有针对性的心理服务工作,并将心理干预贯穿救援任务始终。

Objective To explore psychological stress response of rescue officers and soldiers and methods of psychological intervention in disaster rescue. Methods The ＂Oriental Star＂ wreck was retrospectively analyzed, and psychological stress of officers and soldiers during shipwreck rescue, psychological interventions carried out by psychological service personnel stationed in Hubei province and the effect were summarized. Results The main psychological stress of rescue officers and soldiers in preparatory phase was tension and anxiety, during the rescue process were acute stress response, excessive tension and exhaustion, after the rescue mission were psychological fatigue and psychological stress retardation reaction. Through psychological education before rescue and active intervention during rescue, no one of rescue officers and soldiers has withdrawed from the frontline because of psychological stress; by tracking intervention after rescue, nobody has serious psychological problems. Conclusions Psychological reaction of officers and soldiers in disaster rescue has its uniqueness. Psychological service personnel should carry out targeted psychological interventions according to the psychological stress reaction, and make psychological interventions throughout the rescue mission.