禁忌搜索与SIC模型结合在公交冗余站点优化中的应用

Improving Bus Stop Redundancy Using Tabu Search Algorithm and SIC Model

站点数量是影响公交系统可达性和效率的重要因素之一,增设站点可提高公交可达性,但降低系统效率,延长出行时间;适量减少冗余站点,则能有效改善公交的服务质量。空间相互作用覆盖(Spatial Interaction Coverage,SIC)模型在满足区位需求量及站点吸引力相互作用强度之和最大化的前提下,通过识别冗余站点,提高公交系统效率。本文将SIC模型应用于东莞市公交冗余站点的优化中,引入站点覆盖面积比值作为吸引力的指标之一,并针对退火算法求解模型的不足,采用禁忌搜索算法进行最优求解。实验表明,SIC模型适用于国内公交冗余站点的优化研究,且与退火算法相比,所提出的算法对于处理复杂的空间优化问题具有更大的优越性。

The number of bus stops is a key factor for transit accessibility and system efficiency. Adding more stops along a route will increase coverage of potential riders,but slow down travel speeds,and then decrease system efficiency. The purpose of this study is to identify redundant stops and improve the quality of public transit services. We successfully integrate the tabu search algorithm（ TS） and a GIS spatial optimization model called spatial interaction coverage（ SIC） model to address this problem. This method can easily identify redundant stops without reducing the interaction between the demand areas and the transit facilities. In addition,a stop coverage ratio index（ SCRI） is introduced as one of the indicators to access the attraction of the transit facilities. The proposed method has been tested in a bus route of Dongguan,China. The comparison experiment indicates that TS has better performance than SA especially in the computing time for bus stop selection. We believe that this method can be used as a planning tool to help traffic planners to improve public transit efficiency.