1961—2012年江苏省霾日时空变化特征及影响因素分析

Spatial and temporal variations of haze day and its influencing factors from 1961 to 2012 in Jiangsu province

利用1961—2012年江苏省69个地面气象站观测资料和2012年苏州市大气气溶胶观测资料,在对霾日进行判识和筛选的基础上,分析江苏省霾日的时空变化特征及霾与气象条件和污染物的关系。结果表明:1961—2012年江苏省各站年总霾日数均呈上升趋势,85%的台站呈极显著上升趋势;江苏省年平均霾日数呈显著上升趋势,其中2011—2012年呈急剧上升趋势;1980年前霾日的空间分布差异不明显,1980年后,沿江和苏南地区为霾的高发区,东部沿海大部地区霾日较少。霾天气主要发生在冬季和春季,以12月和1月发生最多。降水少和风速小有利于霾天气的发生;除SO2外,PM10、PM2.5和NO2等污染物浓度随着霾等级的增加而增大,其中PM2.5浓度增大明显。

Based on the observed meteorological data from 69 weather stations during 1961-2012 in Jiangsu prov-ince and atmospheric aerosol data of 2012 in Suzhou,haze days were identified and selected and then their tempo-ral and spatial characteristics and relationship with meteorological factors and pollutants were analyzed.The results show that the number of annual haze days in all stations is in an increasing trend from 1961 to 2012,and this trend is significant for 85% stations.Mean annual haze day in Jiangsu province is a significant upward trend,especially during 201 1-2012.The difference in spatial distribution of haze days is not obvious before 1980,while since 1980, the haze days have occurred mainly in the south of Jiangsu province and seldom in the eastern coastal area.Haze often happens in winter and spring,especially in December and January.Less precipitation and low wind speed are favorable to occurrence of haze weather.Except sulfur dioxide,concentrations of PM10 ,PM2.5 ,nitrogen dioxide and other pollutants increase with the increase of haze levels.Among them,PM2.5 concentration increases significantly.