儿童变应性鼻炎与母亲孕期暴露相关因素分析

Maternal exposure factors related with children's allergic rhinitis during pregnancy

目的：探讨儿童变应性鼻炎（AR）与其母亲孕期暴露因素的相关性。方法：调查自2012年1月至2013年12月间在我院门诊行皮肤点刺试验（SPT）确诊的4~12岁AR患儿1 260例,对照组927例,对入选儿童母亲进行问卷调查,了解其孕期环境暴露、饮食营养结构及感染的相关情况。结果：AR的发生与母亲孕期饲养宠物（OR：2.271,95%CI：1.225~4.212）、被动吸烟（OR：2.518,95%CI：1.792~3.538）、感染（OR：3.656,95%CI：2.301~5.811）、偶尔补充维生素E（OR：0.452,95%CI：0.301~0.678）、经常补充维生素E（OR：0.337,95%CI：0.225~0.505）、选用植物油为主的食用油（OR：0.608,95%CI：0428~0.863）等因素密切相关。结论：患儿AR与母亲孕期的饮食、环境、感染等因素相关,预防AR应从母亲孕期开始,从而达到一级预防的目的。

Objective： To find the relativities between children’s allergic rhinitis and their mothers’ ex-posure factors during pregnancy.Methods： A number of 1 260 cases of 4 to 12-year-old allergic rhinitis outpa-tients conifrmed by skin prick test from January 2012 to December 2013 and a control group of 927 cases were enrolled. A questionnaire survey was conducted among their mothers, to evaluate the environmental exposure, structure of diet and nutrition and infection condition during pregnancy for each of them.Results： The occurrenc-es of allergic rhinitis were closely related to maternal exposure factors during pregnancy like pet keeping （OR： 2.271, 95%CI： 1.225-4.212）, passive smoking （OR： 2.518, 95%CI： 1.792-3.538）, infection （OR： 3.656, 95%CI： 2.301-5.811）, occasional supplement of vitamin E （OR： 0.452, 95%CI： 0.301-0.678）, sufifcient supplement of vitamin E （OR： 0.337, 95%CI： 0.225-0.505） and consumption of vegetable oil （OR： 0.608, 95%CI： 0428-0.863）. Conclusion： Children’s allergic rhinitis is relevant with maternal exposure factors during pregnancy such as diet, environment and infection. The prevention of allergic rhinitis should begin from the pregnant period, so as to achieve the goal of primary prevention.