深圳市流动儿童监护人预防接种知识及影响因素分析

Analysis on immunization awareness and its affecting factors on floating children's guardian in Shenzhen

目的了解深圳市流动儿童监护人预防接种知识知晓程度及影响因素,为制定免疫规划信息传播策略提供科学依据。方法采用容量比例概率抽样调查法对610名流动儿童监护人进行问卷调查。结果福田区流动儿童家长预防接种知识得分（76.87±16.31）分,接种门诊基础知识知晓率为90.30%,疫苗及疾病相关知识知晓率为68.77%,预防接种注意事项知识知晓率为93.74%,预防接种不良反应知识知晓率为64.50%,不同类型知识知晓率差异有统计学意义（χ^2=1 449.18,P=0.000）。一般线性回归分析结果显示,城镇户籍监护人预防接种知识掌握比农村户籍监护人好（B=1.325,P=0.001）,母亲知识掌握比其他监护人好（B=2.216,P=0.000）,母亲职业是公务员/职员/国企比其他职业监护人好（B=1.836,P=0.002）,文化程度高预防接种知识掌握较好（初中及以下B=-2.281,高中/中专/技校B=0.699,大学及以上B=1.865;P〈0.05）,家庭收入高预防接种知识掌握较好（月收入〈5 000元B=-1.221,5 000-10 000元B=-0.873;P〈0.05）。结论应加强预防接种不良反应、疫苗及疾病相关知识方面的宣教,重点针对农村户籍、儿童母亲、低文化、低收入家庭,开展多种形式的健康教育,提高预防接种知晓率。

Objective To learn the immunization awareness and its affecting factors on floating children＇s guardian in Shenzhen, and provide the basis for developing reasonable policy on immunization. Method Based on the Probability Proportional to Size Method, 610 children＇s guardian were selected and surveyed by questionnaire. Results Their average score of the awareness of vaccination was（76.87±16.31）; awareness rate of vaccination was 90.30%; the awareness rate of vaccines and related diseases was 68.77%; the awareness rate of vaccination precautions was 93.74%; the awareness rate of vaccination adverse reaction was 64.50%.The awareness rates of different types of knowledge had significant differences（χ^2=1 449.18,Ρ=0.000）. Multiple linear regression model showed the immunization awareness of the guardians in urban was better than that in rural areas（B=1.325,P=0.001）; the awareness of mother was better than that of other guardians（B=2.216,P=0.000）. The immunization awareness of the mother＇s career as civil service or SOE staff was better than that of other career（B =1.836,P =0.000）, and was positively correlated with education level（junior high school B=-2.281, senior middle school B=0.699,university B=1.865,P〈0.05）and family income（5 000 yuan / month B=-1.221,5000-10 000 yuan / month B=-0.873,P〈0.05）. Conclusion We should strengthen the propaganda of vaccines and related diseases knowledge and vaccination adverse reaction knowledge; health education should also focus on rural residents,and low education level and low family income people.