2003-2014年佛山市南海区食源性疾病暴发特点分析

Characteristic analysis of foodborne disease outbreak in Nanhai district,Foshan city during 2003-2014

目的分析2003-2014年佛山市南海区食源性疾病暴发的流行病学特点,为预防和控制食源性疾病暴发提供科学依据。方法对南海区2003-2014年食源性疾病暴发资料进行统计学和流行病学分析。结果 2003-2014年南海区共报告食源性疾病暴发117起,发病1 574人。每年以第二、三季度为发生高峰,共77起,占总起数的65.81%;集体食堂(68起,占58.12%)和餐饮单位(32起,占27.35%)是最主要的发生场所。微生物是引起食源性疾病暴发事件发生的主要致病因素(58起,占49.57%)。化学性致病因素所导致的罹患率最高(73.95%),各种致病因素导致的罹患率与化学性因素导致的罹患率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 2003-2014年南海区食源性疾病暴发具有明显季节性,高发场所为集体食堂,微生物性病原是对公众健康构成威胁的主要因素,应强化食源性疾病监测、报告、处置机制建设,做好食品从业人员和公众宣传教育。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of foodborne disease outbreaks in Nanhai district,Foshan city,Guangdong province during 2003-2014,and discuss the control strategies,which will provide scientific basis for prevention and control outbreaks of foodborne disease. Method The data of foodborne disease outbreaks in Nanhai district during 2003-2014 was analyzed by descriptive epidemiological analysis. Results There were 117 foodborne disease outbreaks and 1 574 people infected in Nanhai district during 2003-2014. The outbreaks of foodborne disease were peaked in the second and third season; incidences were mainly occurred in collective canteens and catering units.Microorganism was the main pathogenic factors of foodborne disease outbreak. Chemical pathogenic factors caused the highest morbidity,with a variety of pathogenic factors causing morbidity comparison,the differences were statistically significant（P〈0.05）. Conclusions The outbreak of foodborne disease has obvious seasonal in Nanhai district, Foshan city during 2003-2014,the high risk places are the collective canteens.Microbial pathogen is the main factor for the threat to public health. Foodborne disease surveillance, reporting and managing mechanism should be constructed, propaganda and education in the practitioners and the public are effective measures.