老年人社区获得性肺炎的相关危险因素分析

Analysis on risk factors for community-acquired pneumonia in the elderly

目的探讨老年人发生社区获得性肺炎的相关危险因素，为临床防治提供依据。方法选择我院2013年1月至2014年12月收治的168例老年社区获得性肺炎患者作为观察组，另外选择同期医院就诊的100例非社区获得性肺炎老年患者为对照组；调查其临床资料，分析其发生衬区获得性肺炎的相关危险因素。结果单因素分析结果显示，两组患者在血清白蛋白水平、是否饲养宠物、吸烟史、粉尘接触史、支气管疾病、肾功能异常和糖尿病史等因素问差异有统计学意义（均P〈0．05）；多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示，血清白蛋白水平、是否饲养宠物、吸烟史、患有支气管疾病和糖尿病为社区获得性肺炎的独立危险因素（OR=2．793、2．578、3．017、3．168和2．643，均P〈0．05）。结论老年人社区获得性肺炎与多种因素相关，临床应针对其相关危险因素制定相应的防治措施，对早诊断、早治疗和改善社区获得性肺炎的预后具有重要意义。

Objective To explore the risk factors for community-acquired pneumonia （CAP） in the elderly, in order to provide the basis for clinical prevention and treatment. Methods 168 elderly patients with CAP （observation group） and 100 elderly patients without CAP （control group） were chosen from our hospital from Jan. 2013 to Dec. 2014. The clinical data were investigated, and the risk factors for CAP were analyzed. Results Single factor analysis showed that there were significant differences between the two groupsin serum protein level, pets-raising, smoking, dust exposure, bronchial disease, renal dysfunction and diabetes mellitus （all P〈0.05）. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that serum protein level, pets raising, smoking, bronchial disease and diabetes were the independent risk factors for CAP in the elderly （OR=2. 793, 2. 578, 3. 017, 3. 168 and 2. 643, all P〈0.05）. Conclusions The comnmnity-acquired pneumonia is related with many risk factors in the elderly. The clinical corresponding prevention and treatment for the risk factors should be developed, which have an important significance in the early diagnosis, early treatment and prognostic improvement in community-acquired pneumonia.