走向营造的中国古建认知——苏州大学中国古建筑构造课程探索

Thoughts on the Chinese ancient architecture towards constructing——The Exploration of Curriculum Construction for Construction Technology of Chinese Historic Building in Soochow University

苏州的"香山帮"是明清以后中国传统建筑在江南的重要流派,众多国家级工艺大师、匠师、非物质文化遗产传承人都聚集于此。借此平台,苏州大学建筑与城市环境学院开设了具有鲜明地方特色的中国古建筑构造课程。文章以"斗拱"教学为例,介绍了该课程的教学体系及创新之处。该课程通过理论与实践相结合的教学模式,让学生了解中国古建筑各个年代的构造特点,重点讲授宋、清时期以及苏式建筑明清时期建筑的大木结构构造特点和构造方法,并借助古建筑构造实验室,完成典型斗栱的1:5模型制作。通过掌握古建筑的基本构造知识,课程进一步在苏州的历史建筑测绘中实践,指导学生完成对具有苏州地方特色斗栱的绘制和模型制作。利用课外实践基地至苏州楔古营造有限公司向匠人学习制作工艺,在实现学以致用的目标的同时,对具有地域性的历史建筑价值能够更加深入地理解。

‘Xiangshanbang＇ is one of the important craftsmanship in Jiangnan from the Ming and Qing dynasty. Many national craft masters, craftsmen, non-material cultural heritage inheritance are gathered in Suzhou. Take advantage of this platform, the school of architecture and urban environment in Soochow University has established the ＇ Construction Technology of Chinese Historic Building＇ course. Taking the teaching of ‘dougong＇ as an example, this article introduces the teaching system and the innovation of the course. This course provides a comprehensive understanding of the forms of historic architecture in China and in the world. It focuses on historic architectural craftsmanship（such as the Song and Qing Dynasty wood crafts）, and how it relates to architectural forms. The course serves as the foundation of historic preservation by providing students basic knowledge in the fi eld, arousing interest in ancient architecture, and enhancing understanding of the development of architecture and material culture in ancient times.