壳聚糖及其衍生物在软骨组织工程中的应用

Application of chitosan and its derivatives in cartilage tissue engineering

背景:作为生物型支架,壳聚糖因其独特的多孔三维结构、易于改性的特征及良好的生物相容性成为了软骨组织工程支架材料的研究热点。目的:就壳聚糖及其衍生物的设计、改性及在软骨组织工程中的应用作一综述。方法:应用计算机检索Pub Med数据库和CNKI数据库,中文关键词为"壳聚糖,壳聚糖衍生物,支架材料,组织工程,软骨组织",英文检索词为"chitosan;chitosan derivatives;scaffold;tissue engineering;cartilage",检索文献时间范围为1990年1月至2015年1月。结果与结论:壳聚糖是一种天然的生物多糖,通过化学改性、共混改性等方法可以改变壳聚糖的溶解度、机械强度、生物活性甚至生物降解性等自身特性,从而制成更为合适的生物支架材料。进一步研究表明,将壳聚糖与种子细胞进行共同体外培养可以获得正常形态的软骨细胞并能合成特异性的细胞外基质成分,在动物体内,壳聚糖支架与种子细胞所构建的组织工程软骨能够修复软骨损伤,形成与周围正常软骨相似的组织。壳聚糖及其衍生物支架材料在软骨组织工程中有较为广阔的研究前景。

BACKGROUND： Chitosan and its derivatives have become one of the most active research topics in the field of tissue-engineered scaffold material substitute for cartilage owing to their porous structure, ease of chemical modification, and high affinity to in vivo macromolecules. OBJECTIVE： To summarize chitosan and its derivatives in terms of design, modification and its application in tissue engineering. METHODS： A computer-based search of CNKI and Pub Med databases was performed for papers on application of chitosan and its derivatives in cartilage tissue engineering published from January 1990 to January 2015 with the key words ＂chitosan; chitosan derivatives; scaffold; tissue engineering; cartilage＂ in Chinese and English. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION： Chitosan is a natural polymer from renewable resources, modification of chitosan has been found to be necessary for its advanced tissue engineering applications. The modification of chitosan can be divided into two categories including chemical modification and physical blending, which improve its biological properties such as biocompatibility and biodegradability. Recent studies have suggested that chondrocytes maintained round morphology and preserved synthesis of cell-specific extracellular matrix molecules on chitosan substrates in vitro and chitosan scaffolds seeded with chondrocytes showed partial repair of cartilage defects in vitro. Chitosan and its derivatives are promising candidates as a supporting material fortissue engineering applications.