马克思共产主义思想及其信仰维度--读马克思《1844年经济学哲学手稿》

Marx' Communism Idea and its Belief Dimension——Reading Marx's Manuscript about Economics and Philosophy in 1844

传统共产主义观,存在着"科学化"和"实体化"的倾向,注重理论、运动和制度的维度,而忽视了信仰的维度。文章从"人类解放"的视角出发,基于对《1844年经济学哲学手稿》的解读,梳理马克思共产主义思想形成中历经宗教、政治、经济"三大批判"的逻辑进程,说明马克思共产主义思想是一个以人的解放为根本,以人的自由为核心,以人与自然、人与人(社会)、人与自身的统一为基本内容的完整体系。再从马克思对人的自由本性的理解出发,阐述马克思共产主义思想内在的辩证性——现实性与超越性;说明马克思共产主义思想的信仰维度根源于其内在的辩证本性:作为信仰源于其"超越性"维度;作为科学信仰源于它深厚的"现实性"根基。

The traditional understandings of Marx＇s Communism Idea have the tendency of＂ scientization＂ and＂ materialization＂, focus on dimensions of theory, movement and system, but ignore the belief dimension.＂ Human liberation＂ is the ideal faith and practical goal, for which Marx spent all his life. Starting From the＂ human liberation＂ angle and based on text interpretation of Manuscript about Economics and Philosophy in 1844, this article aims at clarifying the logical process of＂ three criticism＂ of religion, politics and economics in the formation of Marx＇ Communism idea, and stating that Marx＇ Communism Idea is a perfect system, which took human liberation as the root, human freedom as the core, and the unity of man and nature, man and man（society）, and man and itself as the fundamental contents. Starting from Marx＇ understanding of the freedom nature of man, this article further discusses Marx＇ Communism Idea＇s inherent dialectic thinking-nature of objective reality and nature of transcendence, and therefore elaborates that the belief dimension of Marx＇ Communism Idea has roots in its inherent dialectic nature, i.e.as belief, it rooted in the＂ transcendence＂ dimension, and as scientific belief, it rooted in the rich＂ objective reality＂ foundation.