知识产权行为保全的审查要件

The Reviewing Tests for Act Preservation in IP Cases

我国民事诉讼法与知识产权法对行为保全的审查要件规定不一。《最高人民法院关于审查知识产权与竞争纠纷行为保全案件适用法律若干问题的解释(征求意见稿)》规定了胜诉可能性、难以弥补的损害、双方利益平衡和社会公共利益等四要件。经由域外经验可知,《民事诉讼法》上"其他损害"与"难以弥补的损害"的认定标准宜作统一,后者不仅包括现实发生的损害,也包括发生损害的较大可能性。胜诉可能性应为较大可能性,至少符合"初步证明案件"标准,不宜只考虑"严肃的问题"标准。四要件之间可有内部互动,在合理范围内弹性化处理。四要件与保全期间、范围、担保及保全的解除等其他程序机制之间也可形成外部互动。

It is different that the reviewing tests for act preservation are provided in our Civil Procedure Law and IP Laws. Four tests has been established by the Draft Interpretation of the Supreme People＇ s Court Related to the Application of Laws in Reviewing Act Preservation Cases of Disputes over IPRs and Competition, which are likelihood of success on merits, irreparable harm, balance of interests of both parties, and public interests. Overseas experience shows that the standard of ＇other harm＇ and ＇irreparable harm＇ in the Civil Procedure Law of PRC should be unified, and the latter includes already incurred harm as well as likelihood of harm. The likelihood of success on merits should be a degree of probability, at least conforming to ＇prima faeie＇ standard instead of ＇serious question＇ standard. There may be interior interactions among the four tests and flexibility may be allowed in a reasonable range. Exterior interactions may also function between the four tests and other procedural mechanism, such as injunction period, limitation, security, dissolution of injunction, etc.