WTO宪法化理论之正当性建构:在自由与民主之间

The Legitimacy Construction of the Theories of WTO Constitutionalization: between Liberty and Democracy

目前,WTO正向着宪法化的方向迈进,以宪法化的方式解决其法治发展的根本问题,实现全球贸易法治的根本理想。WTO宪法化理论建构要解决WTO法治面临的正当性问题。对此,有四种理论范式:作为制度宪法主义的WTO宪法化理论——规则导向的正当性,作为规范宪法主义的WTO宪法化理论——权利导向的正当性,作为社会宪法主义的WTO宪法化理论——参与导向的正当性,以及统合上述路径的一种统一的WTO宪法化理论。这些理论或者以自由价值为基础或者以民主价值为基础解决WTO的正当性问题。而实际上,WTO宪法化理论应当根据全球社会的现实需要不断地在自由和民主两个方面发挥自动纠偏的作用并展现与时俱进的生命力。

Currently, WTO is developing towards the constitutionalization, which can solve the fundamental problem in the development of WTO and make the rule of law come true in the global trade. The purpose of construction of theories of WTO constitutionalization is to solve the problem of legitimacy the WTO is confronting. Therefore,there are four theoretical paradigms for WTO constitutionalization： the institutional constitutionalism——rule-oriented legitimacy, the normative constitutionalism——rights-oriented legitimacy, the social constitutionalism——participation-oriented legitimacy, and the integration theory of all the three approaches above. All of the theories rolve the problem of WTO legitimacy either based on the value of liberty or on the value of democracy. Actually, the theory of WTO constituionalization should play a part in adjustment between the liberty and democracy according to the fact of global social needs and keep pace with the times.