论清末新政失败的原因及其历史启示

Reasons of the Failure of the Late Qing Dynasty Reform and Its Historical Enlightenment

《辛丑条约》签订之后,中国社会陷入了民族危机加深和国内阶级矛盾激化的双重困境,清王朝统治出现了功能性障碍,统治危机进一步加深。为了挽救摇摇欲坠的满清政府,以慈禧太后为首的清政府不得不推行改革,史称清末新政。但是事与愿违,它并没有达到挽救清王朝的目的,反而加速了它的灭亡。清末新政的失败是历史必然性和主体选择错误性互相作用的结果,这启示我们改革要想取得胜利,就必须既合乎规律性,也合乎目的性,在尊重历史必然性的前提下,充分发挥主体选择性。

After the Xinchou Treatise, the Chinese Society was in the troubles of foreign invasion and domestic class contradiction. Its rule function decreased and rule risk increased. In order to save the sunset Qing Dynasty, the Qing government headed by Cixi had to reform. However, the reform did not save the Qing Dynasty as expected. Instead, it speeded up the death of the Qing Dynasty. The failure of the late Qing reform is the result of historical inevitability and the subject＇s wrong choice. Therefore, it tells us that if we want to succeed in reform, we should respect historical inevitability and play a full role of subject＇s choice.