俄罗斯的医疗保险制度

Medical Insurance System in Russia

俄罗斯沿袭了前苏联时期免费医疗的传统,但鉴于经济实力有限,资金的主要来源由税收改为医疗保险基金,即主要通过强制性医疗保险实现,劳动人口缴费由雇主承担,国家承担非劳动人口的缴费,实行全民免费医疗。同时,为适应市场化需求、满足居民多方面需要,以自愿性医疗保险为补充。俄罗斯医疗保险的全民覆盖理念、政府主导、法律保障、转诊制及绝少的医患矛盾带给我们以积极启示。

In Russia, it still carries on the tradition of free medical service of former Soviet Union. Because of limited economic strength, the main source of medical funds has been changed from taxation to medical insurance, which is mainly collected through compulsory health insurance and employers＇ payments, while the governments take the responsibility to pay insurance for the unemployed population. As a result, it has implemented universal free medical care. Meanwhile, to meet the markets demand and multiple needs of the residents, voluntary medical insurance was taken as a supplement. The idea of universal coverage, government-oriented, legislation security, referral system and rare doctor-patient conflicts in the insurance system of Russia give us a positive inspiration.