头颈部恶性肿瘤放疗后颈动脉狭窄的研究进展

Research progress on carotid stenosis after radiation therapy for head and neck neoplasms

头颈部恶性肿瘤是常见的恶性肿瘤，放射治疗是头颈部恶性肿瘤的重要治疗手段之一。随着治疗手段的进步，患者生存期明显延长，同时放疗引起的颈动脉狭窄也越来越受到医生及患者的关注。放疗引起的颈动脉狭窄是多种因素作用的结果，目前应用比较广泛的检查手段为彩色超声多普勒及颈动脉听诊，经皮血管成形术及支架植入术为主要的治疗手段。笔者主要针对头颈部恶性肿瘤放疗后引起颈动脉狭窄的发病率、发病机制、相关危险因素、诊断及治疗原则等方面进行综述。

Head and neck neoplasms is one of the most common malignancies, and radiotherapy is one of the important means of treatment for these patients. With the progress of the treatment means, the survival of these patients has been prolonged obviously. At the same time, radiotherapy induced carotid artery stenosis is of utmost concern for patients and radiation oncologists. Radiotherapy induced carotid stenosis is the result of many factors, at present, color doppler ultrasound and auscultation has been used as diagnostic methods widely, the main treatment is carotid angioplasty and stenting. This article reviews the incidence, pathogenesis, risk factors, diagnosis and treatment of the carotid artery stenosis caused by radiotherapy.