当前中国机构学面临的机遇

Current Opportunities in the Field of Mechanisms in China

工业4.0以及智能制造是工业发展的必然趋势,但它们的发展必然是要建立在单元化装备尤其是机器人和高端制造装备的高品质基础之上的。近两年,机器人高调卷土重来,市场前景巨大;高端制造装备尤其是高档数控机床在我国需求依旧迫切。但不管机器人还是高档数控机床在我国的发展仍然不容乐观,它们仍然低迷的共同特征是所必需的基础元器件和数控系统依赖舶来品,受制于人,关键功能部件例如摆角头、高性能减速器(例如RV减速器)等制造技术缺失,导轨、丝杠等部件可靠性和性能保持性不足。尤其是,由于结构原理以及实现技术的原因,摆角头和高性能减速器均是串联式高端机床和机器人的核心功能部件,极大地决定了机床和机器人的功能和性能,也是机床和机器人行业能否达到和赶超世界先进水平的重要屏障。机构学是装备结构设计的基础学科,机构创新是装备创新的根本,在我国机床与机器人需要跨越式发展的当前,机构学领域担负着重要的创新责任。结合机床与机器人的结构、功能和应用特点,分析和探讨我国机构学在现阶段面临的机遇,为我国机构学者的研究与工业界对高端装备的需求实现有效结合提供参考。

For the past two years,robots comeback with a high profile and present huge market prospects; advanced manufacturing equipment especially high-end CNC machine tool is still in urgent demand.However,their development is still not going well due to that basic components and CNC systems rely on imported goods,manufacturing techniques of key functional units are missing,reliability and performance of lead rails and lead screws are not good enough.In particular,swing tool heads and high-performance reducers,which greatly determine the functionality and performance of machine tools and robots,are important barriers for machine tools and robots in China to catch up with the world＇s advanced level.Mechanism is a basic discipline of equipment structural design,and mechanism innovation is fundamental to the equipment innovation.Then,mechanism is naturally charged with the responsibility of innovation.Incorporating with the structure,functionality and application of machine tools and robots,the opportunities encountered by mechanism in the current stage of China have been analyzed and discussed.Hopefully,this work can provide references for the effective integration of academic research and industrial demand for advanced manufacturing equipment.