农业高职院校开展新型职业农民培训的路径分析——以湖南省涉农高职院校为例

Development path for new-type professional farmer training in high agricultural vocational colleges: A case study of higher agricultural vocational colleges in Hunan Province

在现代农业背景下,培训新型职业农民是实现农业现代化的重要人力保障。以湖南省涉农高职院校为例,分析了涉农高职院校培训新型职业农民的优势、培训模式、以及存在的问题,探讨了新型职业农民培训的路径及对策。结果表明,湖南省大部分市(州)的涉农职业院校开展了新型职业农民培训,具有人才与资源、定位、政策等多方面优势。培训模式多样,主要包括利用学校实习实训基地、组织专家下乡、结合国家项目、利用"远程教育"、培训农机推广人员等方式进行培训。然而,在具体培训过程中,还存在理论教学方法落后、教师实践教学能力不强、基础设施投入薄弱等问题。据此,提出了加强师资队伍与培训平台建设、加大政策扶持力度和加大宣传力度等对策。

With the fast development of agricultural modernization in China, training new-type professional farmers plays a critical role in this process, especially from the human capital perspective. Using higher agricultural vocational colleges in Hunan Province as an example, this paper analyzed the advantages, the training models, and the problems of new-type professional farmers training in these higher agricultural vocational colleges, and explored the ways and countermeasures of how to provide proper training for new-type professional farmers. Results show that most of the cities in Hunan Province have established infrastructures for the new-type professional farmers training in higher agricultural vocational colleges, which have many advantages in this area, including the talents and resources, positioning, and policies. The training models mainly include using school practice and training fields, organizing experts to the countryside, integrating national project resources, providing ＂distance education＂, and training agricultural machinery promoting staff and professionals, etc. While at the same time, problems exist for these trainings, such as outdated training theory and methodology, lack of practical skill trainings, and insufficient investment on training infrastructures, etc. This paper suggests that strengthening the establishment of the training platform, enhancing the training forces, increasing policy support, and encouraging innovative propaganda for professional trainings are necessary to improve the development path for new-type professional farmer training in high agricultural vocational colleges.