农村微型企业创业环境对创业绩效影响的实证研究

Empirical study on the influences of the entrepreneurial environment factors on the performances of the rural micro-enterprises

创业环境作为企业绩效关键外部要素,它的优劣直接影响农村微型企业创业绩效水平的高低。本文基于黑龙江、辽宁、河南三省129家农村微型企业调研数据,通过构建农村微型企业创业绩效"生存—成长—创新"三维结构,建立农村微型企业创业环境对创业绩效影响理论模型与结构方程模型,分析创业环境对农村微型企业生存绩效、成长绩效及创新绩效影响。结果表明,基础设施对成长绩效显著正向影响,生存绩效部分影响,创新绩效影响不显著;政策支持对生存绩效显著正向影响,成长绩效、创新绩效部分影响;金融支持对生存绩效显著正向影响,成长绩效部分影响,创新绩效无显著影响;市场环境对创新绩效显著正向影响,生存绩效、成长绩效部分影响;服务环境对成长绩效部分影响,生存绩效、创新绩效无显著影响;地区文化对生存绩效显著正向影响,成长绩效部分影响,创新绩效无显著影响。政府要有针对的制定农村微型企业创业政策,形成良好的创业氛围,保证农村微型企业的良好发展。

Entrepreneurial environment factors play critical roles in the performances of rural micro-enterprises. Based on the survey data of 129 rural micro-enterprises in Helongjiang, Liaoning, and Henan provinces, this paper conducted the empirical analysis of the influences of the entrepreneurial environment factors on the performances of rural micro-enterprises by constructing the three-dimensional ＂survival - growth - innovation＂ model. Results show that 1） infrastructure has significant positive influences on the growth performance, moderate positive influences on the survival performance, and no significant influences on the innovation performance; 2） policy support has significant influences on the survival performance and moderate influences on both the growth and innovation performances; 3） financial support has significant influences on the survival performance, moderate influences on the growth performance, and no obvious influences on the innovation performance; 4） market environment has significant influences on the innovation performance and moderate influences on both the survival and growth performances; 5） service environment has moderate influences on the growth performance and no significant influences on the survival and innovation performances; and 6） regional culture has significant influences on the survival performance, moderate influences on the growth performance, and no significant influences on the innovation performance. To encourage the healthy development of the rural micro-enterprises, the government should formulate some favorable policies and create a friendly environment for rural micro-enterprises.