波兰卢宾-格沃古夫砂页岩型铜矿床研究进展

The progress in the study of the Kupferschiefer type deposit in Lu-bin-Glogów, Poland

位于波兰西南部的卢宾—格沃古夫砂页岩型铜矿,在波兰甚至整个欧洲的铜业中占有重要的地位。该矿床长约45km,宽约15km,厚几十厘米到20m,矿石储量15×108t,品位1%~3%,总含铜量约5000×104t,Ag、PGE等贵金属元素含量丰富。波兰砂页岩铜矿为火山-沉积型低温热液矿床,来自于苏德台盆地二叠纪早期赤底统上部地层和二叠纪中期蔡希斯坦统底部地层的矿质,在盆地中形成含矿卤水,由于温度和压力差异,产生双向对流,导致矿质沉淀,在二叠纪晚期富集成超大型矿床。就整个波兰—德国铜矿带而言,德国曼斯费尔德（Mansfield）砂页岩铜矿床与波兰砂页岩铜矿床赋存于相同的二叠系,且均与后造山盆地或地台边缘的盆地坳陷有关,说明整个中欧盆地二叠系有巨大的成矿潜力。中国云南兰坪—思茅、四川会理大铜厂也存在砂页岩铜矿床,其形成时代比中欧盆地稍晚,但地质特征和成矿作用相似。对波兰砂页岩矿床的产出环境、地质特征、矿床成因和找矿模型等进行总结,为中国矿山企业＂走出去＂提供一定的参考,同时指导国内相似类型矿床的研究。

The Lubin-Glogów Kupferschiefer type deposit in Lubin-Glogów of southwest Poland occupies an important position in Poland. The deposit has a length of about 45 km, a width of about 15 km, and a thickness of several tens of centimeters to twenty meters. Its ore reserves are about 1.5 billion tons, its grade ranges from 1% to 3%, and its total copper amount is about 50 million tons,with relatively rich Ag and PGE and some other precious metal elements. The Lubin-Glogów Kupferschiefertype deposit is a volcanic- sedimentary type epithermal deposit. Its ore material was derived from the upper strata of the Early Permian Rotliegendes and the bottom strata of Middle Permian Zechstein, and ore-forming brine was formed in the basin; due to temperature and pressure differences, there existed two-directional convection, which led to mineral precipitation in the Late Permian, and eventually formed a superlarge deposit. In terms of the whole copper belt in Poland and Germany, the Mansfield deposit in Germany is similar to the Kupferschiefertype deposit in Poland： they both occur in Permian strata, and are connected with orogenic basin or depression of the basin on the edge of the platform. All this suggests that metallogenic potential are huge in the central basin of Permian strata. In addition,there are Kupferschiefertype-similar deposits in Lanping–Simao of Yunnan and Huili of Sichuan in China. Their ore-forming time is later than that of ore deposits in Central Europe basin, but they have similar geological characteristics and ore-forming processes.This paper summarizes previous researches on the Kupferschiefer deposit in the aspects of the geological environment, geological fea-tures, ore genesis and prospecting model, and the result can not only provide some reference for the‘going out＇policy of Chinese mining enterprises but also guide the study of similar type ore deposits in China.