南非维特沃特斯兰德盆地绍斯迪普金矿床地质特征、成矿模式和找矿模型

Geological characteristics, metallogenic model and prospecting criteria of the South Deep gold deposit in Witwatersrand Basin, South Africa

对南非兰德砾岩型金矿床的研究成果进行总结,概括了绍斯迪普金矿床的区域地质背景、岩石地层划分,较为系统地分析了矿床的地质特征和矿床成因。得出如下结论:1金的主要来源可能与太古宙含金花岗绿岩带有密切关系;2金矿体主要受太古宙文特斯多普砾岩地层和中兰德群中的Turffontein亚群埃尔斯伯格组砾岩地层控制;3金矿床可能经历了早期沉积成岩成矿阶段—后期改造富集多个(Klipriviersberg火山活动作用时期和与2050Ma布什维尔德杂岩体有关的变质作用高峰时期)阶段,为复合成因的层控改造型矿床。研究结果对该类矿床的深入研究和走出去的中国企业有重要的参考价值。

In this paper, the authors have summarized a lot of previous research results of Witwatersrand conglomerate type gold deposits in South Africa, summed up regional geological background and lithostratigraphic classification of the South Deep gold deposit,and made a systematic analysis of the geological characteristics and genetic features of this ore deposit. Based on a lot of evidence, the authors have reached the following conclusions： 1The main source of gold was probably closely related to Archean gold-bearing granite-greenstone; 2Gold orebodies are mainly controlled by Archaeozoic Ventersdorp Contact Reef and Elsburg Formation of Turffontein Subgroup in Central Rand Group conglomerate strata; 3The gold deposit might have experienced early sedimentary diagenetic ore-forming stage and late multiple stage（Klipriviersberg volcanic activity period and 2050 Ma metamorphism peak period of Bushveld Igneous Complex） and hence should belong to the stratabound modification deposit with complex genesis. The results obtained by the authors are of important reference value for in-depth study of ore deposits and implementation of‘going out＇policy of Chinese enterprises.