“故事化”叙事与先秦“事语”文献的演进

The Evolution of Story-telling Narration and Documents on“Shiyu”of Pre-Qin Period

"故事化"叙事欲望源于史官群体为了挽救其在先秦时期文化政治地位的坠失而做出的一种努力姿态,由此也奠定先秦史传文献"事语"这一文体形态。先秦"事语"文献可以从编年体、"事"与"语"之间组合两个角度进行形态学划分。按照前一标准,"事语体"可划分为编年体"事语"与本末体"事语"两大类型;按照后一标准,大致可划分为言显事隐、言隐事显及言事并重三种形态。这些次生态文本之间存在交叉融汇的地方,言显事隐、言隐事显及言事并重这些形态可以是独立的,也可以与编年体结合,甚至互相之间可以被有机组合在同一文本中。站在演进的立场上看,言事并重的叙事模式高于言显事隐、言隐事显这两种类型,当言事并重方式出现之后,先秦史官群体的叙事技巧已臻于完善,从而预示纪传体文献的即将出场。

Story-telling narration has its source in the historiograhers＇ endeavor to survive from their degrading political status in the pre-Qin period.And thus came the literary style of＂Shiyu＂in historical documents of pre-Qin period.Documents on ＂Shiyu＂of pre-Qin period can be divided from two perspectives,namely,annalistic styles and the combination of ＂Shi＂and＂yu＂.If divided by the former one,＂shiyu＂style can be divided into annalistic ＂Shiyu＂and＂Shiyu＂of the history present in separate accounts of important events.If divided by the latter one,＂shiyu＂style can be divided into the focus on words while events hidden,the focus on events while words hidden and the focus on both words and events.All those secondary texts has overlapping parts with their focuses sometimes independent,sometimes combined with annalistic styles and sometimes even can be included within one text.Judging from evolution,the focus on both words and events is superior to the focus on words while events hidden or the focus on events while words hidden so that when the focus on both words and events appears,narrative skills of historiograhers of pre-Qin period are greatly improved and the prelude of biographical documents is thus opened.