德政碑与唐代州县官员的政绩书写

The Prefectures and Counties' Officials Political Achievements Written on Benevolent Monuments in the Tang Dynasty

唐代考课条文强调州县官员的税收、垦田、户口增减政绩以及官员清白、清勤的生活、工作作风。与之相较,德政碑所书州县官员政绩,却是强调其所应该具备的儒家品德修养、境内社会秩序、对民众的礼义教化、鼓励农桑和赋役税收问题;考课条文所没有提及的发展工商业、灾异现象及祈神灵验等,却被德政碑书写为善政;有的碑文所述官员政绩,还与考课条文的精神旨意相悖,如税收力役、垦田等问题,反映了民间和官方对于一位州县官员的评价标准存在差异。此外,德政碑的政绩书写内容,细化并深化了我们对"四善二十七最"纲领性考课条文的认识。

In Tang dynasty,assessment provisions emphasized the official political achievements about taxes,cultivated fields,account changes,the officials＇ corruption perceptions and hardworking.Comparing with that,the Prefectures and Counties official＇performances written emphasized their Confucian moral cultivation,social order,educating people with propriety,encouraging agriculture and mulberry industry,tax and corvee,etc.Assessment provisions did not mention the industrial and commercial development,catastrophist phenomenon and praying God efficaciously,which were written for good governance in benevolent monuments.Some of the political achievements on inscriptions were contrary to the assessment provisions＇ spirit of the will,such as tax and corvee,cultivating land reclamation,etc.This shows the differences in civic and official evaluation criteria for a Prefectures or Counties official.In addition,the political achievement contents written on benevolent monuments detailed and deepen our understanding about the assessment provisions.