施肥对槟榔坐果率及产量的影响

The Influence of Different Fertilization to Fruit Setting Rate and Yield of Areca( Areca catechu L. )

[目的]研究施肥对槟榔坐果率和产量的影响,以期提高槟榔坐果率和产量。[方法]试验以9年生结果槟榔为研究对象,于花期前后,采用不同施肥处理,测定其叶片营养,观察槟榔坐果并测定产量。[结果]施肥能显著提高槟榔的坐果率和单株产量,以150 g/株专用肥+300 g/株尿素处理效果最明显。在结果到果实膨大期槟榔落果最严重。专用肥施用后补施氮肥会提高叶片中氮素含量,降低钾素营养;而补施钾肥会提高叶片中钾素营养。叶片氮与钾素含量与槟榔产量呈负相关性,且槟榔产量因子中以单株结果梭数相关性最高。[结论]槟榔结果期间在施用专用肥基础上,适当补施氮及钾肥能显著提高槟榔坐果率及产量。

[Objective] The influence of different fertilization to fruit setting rate and yield of Areca was studied in order to enhance the fruit setting rate and increase production. [Method]9-year-old areca trees were used for material in this study. After flowering of areca trees,different fertilizer treatments were conducted to measure contents of leaf nutrients,observe the fruit setting rate and fruit yield of areca trees.[Result]The results showed that fertilization could significantly improve the fruit setting rate and yield per tree of areca,and the effect was most significantly used 150 grams areca specific fertilizer added to 300 grams urea among all the treatments. During the fruit-bearing period to the fruit vegetal period,areca fruits dropping was the most serious. Adding some N fertilizer into areca specific fertilizer could improve the content of N in the leaves,decrease the content of K; But if adding some K fertilizer into areca specific fertilizer could improve the content of K in the leaves. There were negatively correlated with the contents of N and K in leaves and areca yield,however the number of fruit shoot per areca tree was the most relevant among the yield components. [Conclusion] Adding some N and K fertilizer into areca specific fertilizer applied in areca trees,it could significantly improve the fruit setting rate and yield of areca during the fruit vegetal period.