1994～2013年宿州市冬小麦产量因素及农艺性状与单产的关系研究

Relationship about the Yield Factors and the Main Agronomic Traits and Yield Traits of Winter Wheat in 1994-2013 at Suzhou City

[目的]研究冬小麦产量因素及主要农艺性状与单产之间的定量关系,为冬小麦品种选育、栽培措施改进等提供参考。[方法]利用1994-2013年对宿州市冬小麦生长发育和产量要素的长期定位观测资料,采用相关分析、通径分析和灰色关联度等分析方法,探讨了宿州市冬小麦各产量要素及主要农艺性状与单产之间的关系特征。[结果]不孕小穗率、子粒茎秆比、成穗率、三叶期基本苗数和单株成穗数5个要素的变异系数在20%以上。其中,以三叶期基本苗数变异系数最大,为25.52%。乳熟期有效穗数、单位面积穗粒数和三叶期基本苗数与单产为显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.601 1、0.633 1和0.576 4,均通过P〈0.05的显著性检验。但不孕小穗率与单产之间为显著负相关,相关系数为-0.559 0（P〈0.05）。通径系数分析表明,穗粒重对单产的直接通径系数最大,为6.245 7,成穗率最小为0.261 4。各要素与单产之间的灰色关联度均在0.600 0以上,由大到小的顺序分别为：三叶期基本苗数、单位面积穗粒数、乳熟期有效穗数、穗粒重、乳熟期株高、千粒重、子粒数、小穗数、子粒茎秆比、单株成穗数、成穗率、生育期日数、不孕小穗率。[结论]该结果可作为宿州市冬小麦品种选育和栽培措施改良等工作的参考依据。

[Objective] The relationship about the yield factors and the main agronomic traits and yield traits of winter wheat in 1994- 2013 at Suzhou City was studied to provide the reference for winter wheat variety breeding,cultivation measures improvement. [Method]Using the data of the winter-growth and yield factors of long-term observation from 1994- 2013 at Suzhou city by correlation analysis,path analysis and some anther analytic methods. [Result]The results showed that there had five elements which the variation coefficients were more than 20%.Among them,the variation coefficient of three leaf stage basic seeding number was the largest,the number was 25. 52 percent. The effective panicles of ratooning buds,spike grain number per unit area,the number of seedling at three-leaf stage have significant positive correlation with yield. The three significant factors were 0. 601 1,0. 633 1 and 0. 576 4. They all though significance test of P〈0. 05. But it became a significant inverse correlation between inefficient spike number and yield,the correlation coefficient is- 0. 559 0（ P〈0. 05）. Path coefficient analysis showed that ear grain weight was the largest,the number was 6. 245 7,and the ear rate was the smallest,the number was 0. 261 4.The order of gray correlation degree from big to small was the number of three-leaf stage,spike grain number per unit area,the effective panicles of ratooning buds,the grain weight per panicle,ratooning buds of plant height,thousand kernel weight,the grain number per panicle,number of grains per spike,seed stem ratio,panicle number per plant,ear rate,days of growing period,spike sterility rate（ percent）.[Conclusion]The result can be used as reference for winter wheat variety breeding and cultivation measures improvement at Suzhou City.