骨替代材料的研究方法及进展

Research methods and advances on bone substitute materials

评述了骨替代材料的生物相容性.骨替代材料分为自体骨、异体骨和人工骨替代材料.指出成骨细胞MG-63、成纤维细胞3T3和骨髓瘤细胞U2OS是骨替代材料的主要生物环境,可作为研究骨替代材料生物相容性的常用细胞.骨替代材料生物相容性的评价方法主要有体内生物学研究和体外生物学研究.骨替代材料对所处的体内环境有重要影响,包括对细胞形态和对细胞功能的影响等.根据细胞形态特点(如细胞自溶变化、膜破裂和核聚变),可以判断材料的毒性程度,根据细胞功能(跨膜运输、细胞黏附、细胞增殖、周期、凋亡、氧化应激作用以及调节信号传导),可以判断生物材料的生物相容性.

This paper reviews the biocompatibility of bone substitute materials classified as autologous bone, allograft bone and artificial bone substitutes. Osteoblasts MG-63, fibroblast 3T3, myeloma ceils U20S are the main biological environments of these biological materials. Therefore, these three kinds of cells are common cells for the biocompatibility research of bone substitute materials. The evaluations of the biocompatibility of bone substitute materials include in vitro and in vivo biologics. The artificial bone substitute materials have important effects on the in vivo environment. These effects include the impacts on cell morphology and cell function. The characteristics of the cell morphology such as cell autolysis changes, rupture of membranes, nuclear fusion can determine the toxicological grade of biomaterials. The cell functions including membrane transport, cell adhesion, cell proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, oxidative stress and regulating signal transduction can determine the biocompatibility.