20世纪中国戏曲的历史回顾

Historical Review of Traditional Chinese Opera in 20^(th) Century

20世纪是中国历史上一个波澜壮阔的时代,社会生活发生了深刻的变化。20世纪初期,戏曲继续着清末的余绪,昆曲进一步式微,花部地方戏进一步兴盛。伴随着资产改良运动,戏曲改良也勃然兴起,并且在全国范围内广泛展开。改良运动强调戏曲的社会功能,呼吁用戏曲艺术批判旧思想、旧文化,用戏曲的形式宣传民主、移风易俗、激励民族精神。20世纪是中国戏曲现代戏探索、实践的历史时期,也是戏曲这种古老的艺术形式如何适应观众的审美新要求,如何可持续发展的重要历史时期。中国戏曲史学的建构是20世纪戏曲史上重大的历史贡献。在戏曲文献整理、剧目考订、剧作家研究等方面,20世纪这一历史时段中有了许多新的研究成果,戏曲史学研究走向深入、领域更加广泛。20世纪,中国戏曲在从传统走向现代的过程中,努力践行戏曲的现代教育。从20世纪初戏曲史学的开拓,到世纪末戏曲学科的建立健全,戏曲的学科建设和学术研究走过了百年的发展道路,得到了跨越式的发展。少数民族戏剧中流传的经典剧目和京剧、各地方戏经典剧目创作一起,共同组成了20世纪中华民族源远流长的戏剧文化长廊,成为中华文化瑰宝。

In 20^th century, China experienced a magnificent era and social life experienced a great change. In early period, similar as the late Qing dynasty, Kunqu further declined and local opera further thrived. Accompanied with the capital reform movement, opera reform rose vigorously and developed throughout the whole nation. The reform movement stressed the social function of opera and advocated to use opera to criticize old thought, old culture, and to use opera form to propagandize democracy, to transform social tradition, and to inspire national spirit. In 20^th century, modern Chinese opera was in an historical era of exploration and practice. The construction of Chinese opera historiog- raphy was a significant historical contribution in 20^th century. Taking predecessors as the example, scholars in opera circle in 20^th century had achieved a lot in literature arrangement, textual investigation of plays, and playwright re- search. In addition, in the course that traditional opera transformed into a modern one, scholars make great efforts to practice modern opera education. Minority opera is a significant part of our national opera, and popular and classical plays together formed an opera euhural corridor and became treasure of Chinese culture.