生物炭对土壤有机碳及微生物影响研究进展

Progress in effects of biochar on organic carbon and microorganism in soil

生物炭是生物质限氧热解得到的含碳丰富的固体物质。生物炭能够影响微生物参与的与土壤有机碳库周转相关的生物地球化学循环过程。生物炭对土壤有机碳和微生物的影响与生物炭性质、施加量、土壤环境条件有关,各研究结论并不一致。一些研究指出施加生物炭可以增加土壤有机碳抵抗微生物降解的稳定性,降低土壤有机碳的矿化速率,具有良好的固碳潜力。然而也有很多学者报道了施加生物炭对土壤微生物性质产生有益的影响,如增加土壤微生物生物量和活性,从而显著提高土壤有机碳的矿化速率。在综述生物炭对土壤本身有机碳分解、土壤有机碳活性和稳定性、土壤团聚体及其稳定性、土壤微生物生物量和活性、土壤微生物群落结构影响的基础上,提出未来的研究需要综合考虑生物炭还田可能带来的潜在环境效益和风险。

Biochar is a solid carbonaceous residue made by burning biomass under oxygen-deficient conditions. Biochar plays a key role in biogeoehemical cycles of soil organic carbon and integrated microorganism. The effects of biochar amendment on organic carbon and microorganism in soil ale highly influenced by properties and application rate of biochar as well as environmental conditions of soil. Several authors observed a large increase in stability of soil organic carbon and decrease in mineralization rate of soil organic carbon in biochar amendment treatment, which indicated biochar application favors carbon sequestration. However, some results suggested that biochar application increased microbial biomass and stimulated microbial activity, in turn increased mineralization rate of soil organic carbon. This paper summarized the previous studies about the effects of biochar addition on decomposition of soil nature organic carbon, activity and stability of soil organic carbon, soil aggregate and its stability, biomass and activity of soil microorganism, and soil microbial community structure. Based on the previous studies and the remained questions, the following prospects in this field were proposed： improving the comprehensive study on environmental benefit and risk after biochar application.