典型草原家庭牧场自然禀赋特征及其分异

Characteristics and Differentiation of Natural Endowments of Family Ranches in Typical Steppe

牧户作为草原区生产与消费等经济行为的微观主体,其自然禀赋对维持与恢复草原生态系统服务具有重要影响.本文以内蒙古锡林浩特市为研究区域,依据草场面积、平均海拔、平均坡度、年平均降水量、年平均温度、2000-2012年单位面积最大生物量、2000-2012年单位面积最小生物量、2000-2012年单位面积平均生物量等8个自然禀赋指标,对2741个牧户进行聚类分析.结果表明:(1)研究区牧户的自然禀赋具有明显的差异,2741个牧户可以分为9组,年平均降水量、平均海拔等自然要素为决定禀赋分异的主要因子.(2)受自然禀赋限制,牧户草场单位面积产草量、总产草量,以及产草量的年际间波动均有所不同.

As a micro-economic behavior of production and consumption in typical steppe area, family ranch^s natural endowment had a significant influence on the maintaining and restoring of grassland ecosystem. 2741 family ranches in Xilinhot were cluster analyzed based on their pasture area, average elevation, average slope, annual average precipitation, annual average temperature, maximum biomass （2000-2012）, minimum biomass （2000-2012） and average biomass （2000- 2012）. The results showed that, obvious differences existed in the natural endowments among those herdsmen. The 2741 family ranches could be divided into nine groups according mainly to annual average precipitation and average elevation. The forage yield per unit area, total forage yield and the yearly fluctuation all varied according to their natural endowments.