妇科肿瘤术后监护期患者家属焦虑状况调查及相关因素分析

Investigation of anxiety of family members of patients in the monitoring period after gynecological tumor surgery and its related factors analysis

目的 调查妇科肿瘤术后监护期患者家属焦虑状况及相关因素。方法 选取2013年3月~2014年2月在广东省惠东县人民医院妇科行肿瘤手术患者的陪护家属284名,采用自设的一般资料调查表（主要包括患者家属的年龄、性别、文化程度、职业、家庭经济状况、住院费用来源、与患者的关系、肿瘤性质、患者家属是否参加术前宣教）调查患者的一般情况,采用Zung编制的焦虑自评量表（SAS）对患者家属的焦虑状况进行评分,并对患者家属的焦虑相关因素进行多因素Logistic回归分析。结果 本次调查研究共发放问卷284份,回收284份,回收率为100%。其中,不同年龄[（53.21±7.78）比（59.67±8.02）分]（t=5.168,P〈0.05）、性别[（53.71±7.45）比（58.54±8.33）分]（t=5.076,P〈0.05）、文化程度[（59.38±8.69）比（52.81±8.76）分]（t=5.101,P〈0.05）、职业[（59.77±9.42）比（53.65±8.23）分]（t=5.321,P〈0.05）、家庭经济状况[（58.64±10.22）比（51.25±9.34）分]（t=6.001,P〈0.05）、住院费用来源[（52.14±8.46）比（60.86±9.73）分]（t=8.334,P〈0.05）、肿瘤性质[（51.21±10.79）比（60.66±9.87）分]（t=6.277,P〈0.05）、是否参加术前宣教[（52.38±10.46）比（57.96±10.39）分]（t=5.124,P〈0.05）的患者家属焦虑评分比较,差异均有统计学意义。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,家属产生焦虑的危险因素为年龄〉35岁（OR=4.867,P〈0.05）、女性（OR=5.183,P〈0.05）、文化程度低（OR=1.170,P〈0.05）、农民（OR=1.021,P〈0.05）、家庭收入低（OR=5.531,P〈0.05）、自费患者（OR=1.556,P〈0.05）、肿瘤性质为恶性（OR=3.924,P〈0.05）、患者家属没有参加术前宣教（OR=1.321,P〈0.05）。结论 妇科肿瘤术后监护期患者家属均存在着一定的焦虑情绪,年龄大、女性、文化程度低、农民、家庭收入低、自费患者、肿瘤性质为恶性、患者家属没有参加术前宣教是患者家属产生焦虑的危险因素。

Objective To investigate the anxiety and its related factors of family members of patients in the monitoring period after gynecological tumor surgery. Methods 284 cases of family members of the patients underwent tumor surgery in Department of Gynaecology, the People＇s Hospital of Huidong County were selected from March 2013 to February 2014. Self-designed general information questionnaire （including age, gender, culture degree, occupation, family economic status, hospital cost sources, the relationships with patients, nature of the tumor, whether participate in the preoperative education or not） was used to record the character of the family members. Zung＇s self rating anxiety scale （SAS） was used to evaluate the anxiety of family members of the patients. The relative factors of anxiety were an- alyzed by multivariate Logistic regression analysis. Results 284 copies of the questionnaires were distributed and recov- ered, the recovery rate was 100%. The anxiety status of family members of the patients with different ages [（53.21± 7.78） vs （59.67±8.02） points] （t=5.168, P 〈 0.05）, gender [（53.71±7.45） vs （58.54±8.33） points] （t=5.076, P 〈 0.05）, culture degrees [（59.38±8.69） vs （52.81±8.76） points] （t=5.101, P 〈 0.05）, occupations [（59.77±9.42） vs （53.65±8.23） points] （t=5.321, P 〈 0.05）, family economic status [（58.64±10.22） vs （51.25±9.34） points] （t=6.001, P 〈 0.05）, hospital cost sources [（52.14±8.46） vs （60.86±9.73） points] （t=8.334, P 〈 0.05）, natures of the tumor [（51.21±10.79） vs （60.66± 9.87） points] （t=6.277, P 〈 0.05）, whether participate in the preoperative education or not （52.38±10.46） vs （57.96±10.39） points] （t=5.124, P 〈 0.05） had statistically significant differences. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that 〉 35 years old （0R=4.867, P 〈 0.05）, female （OR = 5.183, P 〈 0.05）, low educational level （OR = 1.170, P 〈 0.05）, farmer （OR = 1.021, P 〈 0.05）, low-income eco- nomic status （OR = 5.531, P 〈 0.05）, fee-paying patients （OR = 1.556, P 〈 0.05）, mahgnant tumor （OR = 3.924, P 〈 0.05）, family members of patients did not participate in the preoperative education （OR = 1.321, P 〈 0.05） were the risk factors of anxiety among family members of the patients. Conclusion Anxiety is often occurred in the family members of the patients in the monitoring period after gynecological tumor surgery. Older, female, low education level, farmers, low-income economic status, fee-paying patients, malignant tumor, family members of patients did not participate in preoperative education are the risk factors of anxiety among family members of the patients.